tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-88938324998437353312024-02-08T06:06:21.776-08:00How to write a essay planThree Topics To Write A Research Paper Overisabelarnold199http://www.blogger.com/profile/04783316530634911331noreply@blogger.comBlogger72125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8893832499843735331.post-37501383462168033482020-08-23T02:05:00.001-07:002020-08-23T02:05:10.738-07:00Empowerment Of Pakistani Women isabelarnold199http://www.blogger.com/profile/04783316530634911331noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8893832499843735331.post-60611773721269085442020-08-21T23:47:00.001-07:002020-08-21T23:47:13.920-07:00Genre Conversation EssayIn spite of the fact that sort is normally viewed as an instrument for customary grouping, it is important to perceive that a class isn't characterized by its conventional highlights, however by its situational factors. The relevant distinguishing proof of a kind is featured via Carolyn Miller, who depicts classifications as the ââ¬Å"typified explanatory methods of acting in repeating situationsâ⬠(qtd. in Bawarshi 7). The word ââ¬Å"situationâ⬠is essential in her definition since composing results from situational requests. Such situational nature of composing is stressed by numerous researchers including Amy Devitt, Anis Bawarshi, and Stanley Fish. Orchestrating crafted by these writers, we can infer that kind joins composing and setting. Consequently as opposed to concentrating on formal highlights, a sort ought to be recognized as a freely settled structure distinguished by its logical highlights, in which essayists and perusers are socially associated. Since classification is socially characterized, it can possibly work when there is a logical circumstance that requires a reaction. Coming back to Millerââ¬â¢s definition, classifications are reactions to repeating circumstances. Since comparable circumstances trigger comparative logical reactions, these reactions form into a default methods of noting a specific kind of circumstance (Bitzer 13). Regardless, not all circumstances animate reactions; just circumstances in which at least one exigences leave trigger creation. As indicated by Lloyd Bitzer, an exigence is a ââ¬Å"imperfection set apart by urgencyâ⬠(6). Essayists are just propelled to compose because of the nearness of such flaw. Since an expository composing is concocted to address an exigence, the motivation behind such composing is thusly to change the circumstance thus to lighten the introduced issue. Such logical reliance of composing is featured when Bawarshi interfaces writerââ¬â¢s reason and circumstance, showing that composing ââ¬Å"begins and happens inside the social and expository conditions comprised by genresâ⬠(11). At the end of the day, types arrange and persuade authors to compose for a pragmatic explanation. For instance, a notice article serves to support buying when an organization attempts to sell an item, while a science report serves to convey lab results when analysts wish to distribute their discoveries. To put it plainly, kinds are reactions to circumstances, hence what arranges a book into a sort is fundamentally the down to earth reason for the content comparable to the given circumstance. Besides, circumstances doesn't just make kinds, they additionally shape sorts. Consider the expository circumstance where a letter is composed: there are some physical separations between the author and recipient, there is a cozy connection between the essayist and collector, there is something the author needs to communicateâ⬠¦Given such circumstance, there are numerous imperatives that direct the proper highlights of composing. These imperatives give a kind its proper highlights. In this way kind improves the conventional choices scholars need to make by ââ¬Å"organiz[ing] the states of creation just as generat[ing] the logical explanation of these conditionsâ⬠(Bawarshi 9). With kind, scholars are given composing structures that permit them to reverberate the requests of the given circumstance. Once more, these composing structures are ââ¬Å"rhetorical formsâ⬠that ââ¬Å"comes to have an intensity of [their] ownâ⬠as they are fundamentally reactions to repeating circumstances (Bitzer 13). This suggests kinds are molded by situational explicitness, along these lines specific social requests bring forth specific classifications as various circumstances underline various qualities. In this manner ââ¬Å"keep[ing] structure and nonexclusive settings unitedâ⬠is fundamental for a type to work and thus for us to impart as classes are molded by settings (Devitt 200). Despite the fact that circumstance recommends suitable structures to permit compelling correspondence, it is vital to recognize that conventional highlights don't characterize classifications. Formal component can change altogether inside a class, and such ââ¬Å"inherent variety inside all genresâ⬠is ââ¬Å"essential to keeping kinds alive and functioningâ⬠(Devitt 212). For example, an ad can pull in clients with striking pictures, yet it can likewise sell an item utilizing enticing insights. Regardless of what formal highlights a book has, that content has a place with the commercial classification as long as it is composed to support utilization. This model delineates that in spite of the fact that setting composing set requirements to advance suitable conventional highlights, yet the writerââ¬â¢s design is the thing that at last characterizes a kind. Aside from contextualizing composing, type socially associates essayists and perusers. On the passing on side, scholars partake in talk networks, which are ââ¬Å"social and expository environment[s] inside which subjective propensities, objectives, suppositions, and qualities are shared by participantsâ⬠(Bawarshi 5). Authors in a similar talk network will in general utilize same or comparable types. This is on the grounds that the social settings they write in, just as the belief systems they wish to pass on, are both common inside the network. Along these lines, if an essayist decides to speak with a sort usually utilized by a talk network, that author will be recognized as an individual from network. What is the centrality of talking about talk networks? This answer relates back to the situational idea of composing â⬠the idea of talk network features the social motivations behind sort by ââ¬Å"locate[ing] a writerââ¬â¢s intentions to act inside exemplified expository and social conditionsâ⬠(Bawarshi 11). Individuals from various talk networks will in general express utilizing various techniques since they compose for contrast purposes and react to various circumstances. Consequently ââ¬Å"writers will utilize diverse language in various genresâ⬠to appropriately address the introduced exigence (Devitt 213). All things considered, sort socially associates authors by arranging them in talk networks inside which members are propelled to create by a similar kind of circumstance. Essayists are by all account not the only ones associated with the social setting of composing, a book is given significance by its perusers as it implies whatever the perusers decipher it to mean. This recommends a kind is distinguished as that sort when the perusers see so. Fish portrays understanding as ââ¬Å"the craft of constructionâ⬠(361); rather than finding what is in a book, perusers make what is in the content through translation. These translations are shared ââ¬Å"social and social examples of thoughtâ⬠that outcome from encounters of acting inside the social condition (Fish 364). Along these lines, kinds are ââ¬Å"embedded inside their social and social ideologiesâ⬠with the goal that they trigger fitting understandings (Devitt 191). Genreââ¬â¢s situational implant underscores that composing is ââ¬Å"dynamic, changing after some time as the suspicions, qualities, and practices of authors and perusers changeâ⬠(Rounsaville 70) in light of the fact that the ââ¬Å"social and expository conditions are continually being replicated and transformedâ⬠as essayists and perusers act inside them (Bawarshi 9). In whole, composing changes since setting change. Consequently, composing is aâ social activity characterized and molded by the social conditions that control creation and understanding. Socially shared philosophies bring forth printed shows, which are ââ¬Å"agreements among scholars and perusers about how to develop and decipher textsâ⬠(Rounsaville 69). Kinds partner journalists and perusers by proposing literary shows. Since these shows are shared understandings among scholars and perusers, they empower essayists to develop writing in a way that coordinates readersââ¬â¢ translation so the content passes on its planned message. In this way, effective correspondence results when journalists follow content shows when imagining and perusers utilize these equivalent shows when perusing. Taking everything into account, classification is comprised by social conditions in which authors and perusers act inside. Such situational reliance of composing is reflected in progress of the three creators referenced previously. Amy Devittââ¬â¢s content underscores the significance of understanding kind through its expository reason rather than through its structure. She contradicts the utilization of composing models, contending that in spite of the fact that learning formal highlights is a simpler methodology, yet the comprehension of how class really works is increasingly functional when scholars experience new circumstances in explicit controls. Essentially, Bawarshi relates content and setting by characterizing composing as a social activity. He uncovers that creations consistently leave from going before creations, henceforth featuring the significance of applying recently settled structures to answer situational requests. In conclusion, Fishââ¬â¢s section underlines the need of reacting to a group of people. All things considered, composing is a type of correspondence that includes the essayist as well as the peruser, in this way authors ought to consistently know about how their perusers may decipher their innovation. In entirety, the principle remove point from these authorsââ¬â¢ works is that powerful compositions are those that reverberation situational conditions. Works Cited Bawarshi. Anis. Type and the Invention of the Writer: Reconsidering the Place of Invention in Composition. Logan, Utah: Utah State University Press, 2004. Devitt, Amy ââ¬Å"A Proposal for Teaching Genre Awareness and Antecedent Genres. â⬠Writing Genres. Carbondale: Southern Illinoise University Press, 2004. Ede, Lisa. ââ¬Å"Writing for Rhetorical Situationsâ⬠. Rounsaville, Angela, et al. , eds, Situated Inquiry. Boston: Bedford/St. Martinââ¬â¢s, 2008. Fish, Stanley E. ââ¬Å"How to Recognize a Poem When You See Oneâ⬠. Rounsaville, Angela, et al. , eds, Situated Inquiry. Boston: Bedford/St. Martinââ¬â¢s, 2008. isabelarnold199http://www.blogger.com/profile/04783316530634911331noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8893832499843735331.post-44657672258124229762020-07-14T05:28:00.001-07:002020-07-14T05:28:02.808-07:00Composing the Executive-Level RésuméComposing the Executive-Level Résumé In the ever-competitive career world, the executive level career field is a whole nother ballgame when it comes to applying for and landing jobs in the over $100K realm. With the big bucks and greater responsibility of such positions comes the necessity for a bigger and better presentation when applying for such jobs. In short, the executive-level résumé is not the same animal as the plain, concise document that lower totem pole positions might present.Breaking the cardinal ruleFirst off, the executive-level résumé is not limited to one page. While most all résumés in the less than executive realm rarely need to be more than a single page (unless youve got 20 years of work experience to present), the executive-level résumé gives weighty details for potential employers to peruse. Additionally, a few meaningful sections are added for the executives résumé that arent on other run-of-the-mill résumés.Summary statementThe summary statement is often wrongly used by résumé wri ters, stating some generic job desire one has, replete with career field buzz words to fill it out. However, the executive-level résumé should be a succinct sales pitch in a sentence, letting potential employers know just who they are looking at. Essentially, if someone asked the executive to explain their career life and highlights in a short, descriptive paragraph, the summary is it.Core competenciesThis bulleted list of five to ten strong, relevant skills is a snapshot of your full professional experience. In essence, you want to brag about your most impressive abilities here, not simple tasks like administrative duties or general skills, like prospecting for customers. You want meaty, detailed descriptions of important job functions that show the employer you know your industry inside and out.Highlight those accomplishments!Naturally, everyone should be listing professional experience on their résumé. Whats vital to the executive-level résumé, however, is not just the what , where and when, but the accomplishments that you achieved while there. Executives need to boast, boast, boast their greatest accomplishments in the professional experience section, making sure to include important statistics like sales numbers and quotas reached and exceeded, awards gotten, promotions given (and how quickly), etc. Its a dog eat dog world, so employers are typically looking for the best of the best for their exec positionsâ"you must show them that thats you.The rest of the documentOf course, Education and Organizations and Honors are certainly still meaningful categories to include on your executive-level résumé, or any résumé, for that matter. Whats key, again, is pointing out any extra, outstanding things about that education. Were you on honor roll or Deans List? Did you receive any specific awards or get accepted into elite programs while in college?Military experience and fraternal organizations are equally as important when it comes to the Organizations and Honors details. Many a bond has been struck by an interviewer when they learn the potential new exec they are questioning is also an ex-Army man or Freemason. Dont miss the chance to point out such associationsâ"they can give you that extra edge.Cover your basesFinally, always package your executive résumé with a strong, positive cover letter highlighting your most impressive abilities and accomplishments. That letter should be a tightly written, one-page document that truly sells you as the best choice for the job. And finally, dont get discouraged when you dont land a job in the first few weeks, or even months, of your search. The executive-level job field is highly competitive and specialized, but with a strong résumé and perseverance, youre bound to land that next top-notch position in time! isabelarnold199http://www.blogger.com/profile/04783316530634911331noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8893832499843735331.post-53329647551821712472020-05-21T10:07:00.001-07:002020-05-21T10:07:04.171-07:00Human Nature Is Good Or Bad - 1484 Words Jesus Robledo Prof. Hudley English 121-001 April 17 2016 Human Nature Human Nature, human nature to me is how a person gives their life meaning by applying different believes to it, and then continue living their life based on them. No human is perfect nor good or bad. Throughout the history of humanity, our way of thinking, and believes have evolved in some way. Human nature took its turns when everyone started creating new beliefs back then. An example of different ideas being created or asked about was the way life was created. In order for humanity to maintain themselves motivated, and have a meaning to life they must have beliefs. This can all be done subconsciously. Humans show multiple ways of having believes. Some people believe in science and thatââ¬â¢s how it reflects on their human nature. Others believe in Religion and thatââ¬â¢s what is reflected on their side of human nature. Overall, human nature involves thinking, feeling, and committing actions. What kind of animal is the human? The undeniable answer is a savvy, garrulous, upright gorilla with a propensity for material belonging. Yet, shouldn t something be said about the more inconspicuous idea of human instinct? That is more questionable. Some deny it exists, liking to trust that we can be anything we need to be. They can t be correct. Despite the fact that we show loads of individual and social varieties, people are creatures, and like all creatures we have mannerisms,Show MoreRelatedHuman Nature Is Good Or Bad?909 Words à |à 4 PagesHuman nature is referred to distinguishing characteristics; including ways of thinking, feeling, and behaving. Which humans tend to have naturally. As human beings we are taught moralities at a young age. We are taught whether an action is good or bad. So as humans, are we inherently good or bad? If we are taught what to be. Not only we are taught, but we are shaped by the world around us. I believe that we are all inherently good to begin with. Those who are ââ¬Å"evilâ⬠only do so because they have beenRead MoreHumans Nature - Good or Bad? Essay1132 Words à |à 5 PagesHuman Nature Good or Bad? Whether human beings are instinctually good or evil in an elementary natural state is a question that has been boggling the minds of even the greatest philosophers. 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Lear, who is ridden with a naà ¯ve and un-insightful personality plunges himself head first into a n avoidable misfortune leads him to the loss of his kingship, his relationship withRead MoreHuman Nature : What Makes A Human Person?1511 Words à |à 7 PagesHuman nature, the essence of what makes a human person what they are, is something that everybody has. Every person is innately a person, but how they put their personhood into action is the biggest indicator of their character, or the projection of a personââ¬â¢s human nature. At their core there is human nature, but their actions are what direct this source of humanity. The quality of someoneââ¬â¢s actions is shaped by their environment and sometimes their biological makeup as well. Human nature doesRead MoreInflunce of Human Nature and Politics in a City1615 Words à |à 7 Pageslives in. In this paper the character of human nature and politics will be discussed in how a city is ought to be by the influence of human nature and politics. Firstly, the influence of human nature on politics will be looked at, for examp le according to Plato on behalf of Socrates; he claims that a just soul creates a just society, where it is human nature to be just, that influences in creating a just political system. Secondly, politics influences human nature, where in the republic when the discussionRead MoreThe Philosophies Are Confucianism, Mohism And Legalism1497 Words à |à 6 Pagesopinion of human nature. Chinese philosophy began in the fifth century BC with Confucius and changed and evolved as other philosophers built off Confucian ideas and challenged Confucian ideas. Confucius, Mencius, and Xunzi are three different philosophers from Chinese history who have three opposing views in their philosophical ideas of society and human nature. These three philosophies are Confucianism, Mohism and Legalism. Ancient Chinese philosophers built their views of human nature off of theRead MoreThe Nature of Death Essay1508 Words à |à 7 PagesHuman beings often have preconceived notions or fears regarding the abstract idea of death. Two Hellenistic philosophers Epicurus and Epictetus take very different approaches to prove that death is insignificant and nothing to worry about. Epicurus argues that death is the unequivocal end of our existence, and Epictetus claims it is something that we have no control over. Both examine the nature of death in an attempt to achieve ataraxia or a tranquil state of mind. However, Epicurus and EpictetusRead MoreThe Mencius-Xunzi Debate in Early Confucian Ethnics Essay1082 Words à |à 5 Pagesachieve this goal. Yet, instead of supporting each other, Mengzi and Xunzi have made contradictory arguments on human nature and cultivation of moral elites . 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These teachers help motivate humans to achieve good things as much isabelarnold199http://www.blogger.com/profile/04783316530634911331noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8893832499843735331.post-74468740047549307452020-05-06T07:34:00.001-07:002020-05-06T07:34:44.366-07:00Literature-based discovery of diabetes Free Essays string(140) " in the form of HGNC \[HUGO \(Human Genome Organization\) Gene Nomenclature Committee\] genes, were confirmed by manual review of the text\." Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are known mediators of cellular damage in multiple diseases including diabetic complications. Despite its importance, no comprehensive database is currently available for the genes associated with ROS. Methods We present ROS- and diabetes-related targets (genes/proteins) collected from the biomedical literature through a text mining technology. We will write a custom essay sample on Literature-based discovery of diabetes or any similar topic only for you Order Now A web-based literature mining tool, SciMiner, was applied to 54 biomedical papers indexed with diabetes and ROS by PubMed to identify relevant targets. Over-represented targets in the ROS-diabetes literature were obtained through comparisons against randomly selected literature. The expression levels of nine genes, selected from the top ranked ROS-diabetes set, were measured in the dorsal root ganglia (DRG) of diabetic and non-diabetic DBA/2J mice in order to evaluate the biological relevance of literature- derived targets in the pathogenesis of diabetic neuropathy. Results SciMiner identified 1,026 ROS- and diabetes-related targets from the 54 biomedical papers (http://Jdrf. eurology. med. umich. edu/ROSDiabetes/ webcite). Fifty-three targets were significantly over-represented in the ROS-diabetes literature ompared to randomly selected literature. These over-represented targets included well-known members of the oxidative stress response including catalase, the NADPH oxidase family, and the superoxide dismutase family of proteins. Eight of the nine selected genes exhibited significant differential expression between diabetic and n on-diabetic mice. For six genes, the direction of expression change in diabetes paralleled enhanced oxidative stress in the DRG. Conclusions Literature mining compiled ROS-diabetes related targets from the biomedical literature and led us to evaluate the biological relevance of selected targets in the athogenesis of diabetic neuropathy. Diabetes is a metabolic disease in which the body does not produce or properly respond to insulin, a hormone required to convert carbohydrates into energy for daily life. According to the American Diabetes Association, 23. million children and adults, approximately 7. 8% of the population in the United States, have diabetes [1]. The cost of diabetes in 2007 was estimated to be $174 billion [1]. The micro- and macro-vascular complications of diabetes are the most common causes of renal tailure, blindness and amputations leading to significant morta y, morbidity poor quality of life; however, incomplete understanding of the causes of diabetic complications hinders the de velopment of mechanism-based therapies. In vivo and in vitro experiments implicate a number of enzymatic and non-enzymatic metabolic pathways in the initiation and progression of diabetic complications [2] including: (1) increased polyol pathway activity leading to sorbitol and fructose accumulation, NAD(P)-redox imbalances and changes in signal transduction; (2) non- enzymatic glycation of proteins yielding ââ¬Å"advanced glycation end-productsâ⬠(AGES); (3) ctivation of protein kinase C (PKC), initiating a cascade of intracellular stress responses; and (4) increased hexosamine pathway flux [2,3]. Only recently has a link among these pathways been established that provides a unified mechanism of tissue damage. Each of these pathways directly and indirectly leads to overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) [23]. ROS are highly reactive ions or small molecules including oxygen ions, free radicals and peroxides, formed as natural byproducts of cellular energy metabolism. ROS are implicated in multiple cellular pathways such as mitogen-activated protein kinase MAPK) signaling, c-Jun amino-terminal kinase ONK), cell proliferation and apoptosis [4-6]. Due to the highly reactive properties of ROS, excessive ROS may cause significant damage to proteins, DNA, RNA and lipids. All cells express enzymes capable of neutralizing ROS. In addition to the maintenance of antioxidant systems such as glutathione and thioredoxins, primary sensory neurons express two main detoxifying enzymes: superoxide dismutase (SOD) [7] and catalase [8]. SOD converts superoxide (02-) to H202, which is reduced to H20 by glutathione and catalase [8]. SODI is the main form of SOD in the cytoplasm; SOD2 is located within the itochondria. In neurons, SODI activity represents approximately 90% of total SOD activity and SOD2 approximately 10% [9]. Under diabetic conditions, this protective mechanism is overwhelmed due to the substantial increase in ROS, leading to cellular damage and dysfunction [10]. The idea that increased ROS and oxidative stress contribute to the pathogenesis of diabetic complications has led scientists to investigate different oxidative stress pathways [7,11]. Inhibition of ROS or maintenance of euglycemia restores metabolic and vascular imbalances and blocks both the initiation and progression of omplications [1 2,13]. Despite the significant implications and extensive research into the role of ROS in diabetes, no comprehensive database regarding ROS-related genes or proteins is currently available. In the present study, a comprehensive list of ROS- and diabetes-related targets (genes/proteins) was compiled from the biomedical literature through text mining technology. SciMiner, a web-based literature mining tool [14], was used to retrieve and process documents and identify targets from the text. SciMiner provides a convenient web-based platform for target-identification within the biomedical iterature, similar to other tools including EBIMed [1 5], ALI BABA [16], and Polysearch [1 7]; however, SciMiner is unique in that it searches tull text documents, suppo free-text PubMed query style, and allows the comparison of target lists from multiple queries. The ROS-diabetes targets collected by SciMiner were further tested against randomly selected non-ROS-diabetes literature to identify targets that are significantly over- represented in the ROS-diabetes literature. Functional enrichment analyses were performed on these targets to identify significantly over-represented biological unctions in terms of Gene Ontology (GO) terms and pathways. In order to confirm the biological relevance of the over-represented ROS-diabetes targets, the gene expression levels of nine selected targets were measured in dorsal root ganglia (DRG) from mice with and without diabetes. DRG contain primary sensory neurons that relay information from the periphery to the central nervous system (CNS) Unlike the CNS, DRG are not protected by a blood-nerve barrier, and are consequently vulnerable to metabolic and toxic injury [19]. We hypothesize that differential expression of identified targets in DRG would confirm heir involvement in the pathogenesis of diabetic neuropathy. Defining ROS-diabetes literature To retrieve the list of biomedical literature associated with ROS and diabetes, PubMed was queried using (ââ¬Å"Reactive Oxygen Speciesâ⬠[MeSH] AND ââ¬Å"Diabetes Mellitusâ⬠[MeSH]). This query yielded 54 articles as of April 27, 2009. SciMiner, a web-based literature mining tool [14], was used to retrieve and process the abstracts and available full text documents to identify targets (full text documents were available for approximately 40% of the 1 , 1 54 articles). SciMiner-identified targets, eported in the form of HGNC [HUGO (Human Genome Organization) Gene Nomenclature Committee] genes, were confirmed by manual review of the text. You read "Literature-based discovery of diabetes" in category "Papers" Comparison with human curated data (NCBI Gene2PubMed) The NCBI Gene database provides links between Gene and PubMed. The links are the result of (1) manual curation within the NCBI via literature analysis as part of generating a Gene record, (2) integration of information from other public databases, and (3) GeneRlF (Gene Reference Into Function) in which human experts provide a brief summary of gene functions and make the connections between citation PubMed) and Gene databases. For the 54 ROS-diabetes articles, gene-paper associations were retrieved from the NCBI Gene database. Non-human genes were mapped to homologous human genes through the NCBI HomoloGene database. The retrieved genes were compared against the SciMiner derived targets. Any genes missed by SciMiner were added to the ROS-diabetes target set. Protein-protein interactions among ROS-diabetes targets To indirectly examine the association of literature derived targets (by SciMiner and NCBI Gene2PubMed) with ROS and diabetes, protein-protein interactions (PPIs) mong the targets were surveyed This was based on an assumption that targets are more likely to have PPIs with each other if they are truly associated within the same biological functions/pathways. A PPI network of the ROS-diabetes targets was generated using the Michigan Molecular Interactions (MIMI, http://mimi. ncibi. org/ webcite) database [20] and compared against 100 PPI networks of randomly drawn sets (the same number of the ROS-diabetes target set) from HUGO. A standard Z-test and one sample T-test were used to calculate the statistical significance of the ROS- diabetes PPI network with respect to the random PPI networks. Functional enrichment analysis Literature derived ROS-diabetes targets (by SciMiner and NCBI Gene2PubMed) were subject to functional enrichment analyses to identify significantly over-represented biological functions in terms of Gene Ontology [21], pathways (Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG, http://www. genome. ]p/kegg/ webcite) [22] and Reactome http://www. reactome. org/ webcite[23]). Fisherââ¬â¢s exact test [24] was used to calculate the statistical significance of these biological functions with BenJamini-Hochberg (BH) adjusted p-value ; 0. 5 [25] as the cut-off. Over-represented ROS-diabetes targets Defining background corpora To identify a subset of targets that are highly over-represented within the ROS- diabetes targets, the frequency of each target (defined as the number of documents in which the target was identified divided by the number of total documents in the query) was compared against the frequencies in randomly selected background corpora. Depending on how the background set is defined, over-represented targets may vary widely; therefore, to maintain the background corpora close to the ROS and diabetes context, documents were selected from the same Journal, volume, and issue f the 54 ROS-diabetes documents, but were NOT indexed with ââ¬Å"Reactive Oxygen Speciesâ⬠[MeSH] nor ââ¬Å"Diabetes Mellitusâ⬠[MeSH]. For example, one of the ROS-diabetes articles (PMID: 18227068), was published in the Journal of Biological Chemistry, Volume 283, Issue 16. This issue contained 85 papers, 78 of which were not indexed with either ââ¬Å"Reactive Oxygen Speciesâ⬠[MeSH] or ââ¬Å"Diabetes Mellitusâ⬠[MeSH] indexed. One of these 78 papers was randomly selected as a background document. Three sets of 54 documents were selected using this approach and processed using SciMiner. Identified targets were confirmed by manual review for accuracy. Identifying significantly over-represented targets ROS-diabetes targets were tested for over-representation against targets identified from the three background sets. Fisherââ¬â¢s exact test was used to determine if the frequency of each target in the ROS-diabetes target set was significantly different from that of the background sets. Any targets with a BH adjusted p-value 0. 5 in at least two of the three comparisons were deemed to be an over-represented ROS- diabetes target. Functional enrichment analyses were performed on these over- represented ROS-diabetes targets as described above. Selecting targets tor real-time R A subset of targets were selected for RT-PCR from the top 10 over-represented ROS- diabetes targets excluding insulin and NADPH oxidase 5 (NOX5), which does not have a mouse ortholog. Nitric oxide synthase 1 (NOSI), the main generator of nitric oxide, ranked at the 1 5th position and was additionally selected for inclusion in the test set. Differential gene expression by real-time RT-PCR Mice DBA/2J mice were purchased from the Jackson Laboratory (Bar Harbor, ME). Mice were housed in a pathogen-free environment and cared for following the University of Michigan Committee on the Care and Use of Animals guidelines. Mice were fed AIN76A chow (Research Diets, New Brunswick, NJ). Male mice were used for this study. Induction of diabetes Two treatment groups were defined: control (n = 4) and diabetic (n = 4). Diabetes was induced at 13 weeks of age by low-dose streptozotocin (STZ) injections, 50 mg/kg/day for five consecutive days. All diabetic mice received LinBit sustained release insulin implants (LinShin, Toronto, Canada) at 8 weeks post-STZ treatment. Insulin implants were replaced every 4 weeks, at 12 and 16 weeks post-STZ treatment. At 20 weeks post-STZ treatment, mice were euthanized by sodium pentobarbital overdose and DRG were harvested as previously described [26]. Real-time RT-PCR The gene expression of the selected nine literature-derived ROS-diabetes targets in DRG was measured using real-time RT-PCR in duplicate. The amount of mRNA isolated from each DRG was normalized to an endogenous reference [Tbp: TATA box binding protein; A cycle threshold (CT)]. Identification of ROS-diabetes targets A total of 1,021 unique targets were identified by SciMiner from the 1,154 ROS- diabetes papers defined by the query of (ââ¬Å"Reactive Oxygen Speciesâ⬠[MeSH] AND ââ¬Å"Diabetes Mellitusâ⬠[MeSH]) and confirmed by manual review. Table 1 contains the op 10 most frequently mentioned targets in the ROS-diabetes papers. Insulin was the most frequently mentioned target, followed by superoxide dismutase 1 and catalase. Table 1 . Top 10 most frequent ROS-diabetes targets The NCBI Gene2PubMed database, containing expert-curated associations between the NCBI Gene and PubMed databases, revealed 90 unique genes associated with the 54 ROS-diabetes papers (Additional File 1). SciMiner identified 85 out of these 90 targets, indicating a 94% recall rate. Five targets missed by SciMiner were added to the initial ROS-diabetes target set to result in 1,026 unique targets (Additional File 2). Additional tile 1. The list ot 90 genes trom the NCBI Gene2PubMed database tor the ROS-Diabetes literature (1 , 1 54 papers). Format: XLS Size: 35KB Download file This file can be viewed with: Microsoft Excel Vieweropen Data Additional file 2. The list of 1,026 ROS-Diabetes targets. Format: XLS Size: 229KB Download file This file can be viewed with: Microsoft Excel Vieweropen Data PPI network of the ROS-diabetes targets The PPI network among the ROS-diabetes targets was evaluated using MIMI interaction data. This was based on the assumption that targets commonly related to certain topic are more likely to have frequent interactions with each other. One hundred PPI networks were generated for comparison using the same number of genes (1,026) randomly selected from the complete HUGO gene set (25,254). The PPI network of the ROS-diabetes targets was significantly different from the randomly generated networks indicating their strong association with the topic ââ¬Å"ROS and Diabetesâ⬠. Table 2 demonstrates that the mean number of targets with any PPI interaction in the randomly generated target sets was 528. 9 (approximately 52% of 1,026 targets), while the number of targets with any PPI interaction in the ROS- iabetes target was 983 (96%). The number of targets interacting with each other was also significantly different between the random networks (mean = 155. 4) and the ROS-diabetes network (mean = 879). Figure 1 illustrates the distributions of these measurements from the 100 random networks with the ROS-diabetes set depicted as a red vertical line. It is obvious that the PPI network of the ROS-diabetes targets is significantly different from the random networks. Table 2. Summary of 100 randomly generated PPI networks thumbnailFigure 1 . Histograms of randomly generated PPI networks. The histograms llustrate the distributions of 100 randomly generated networks, while the red line indicates the ROS-diabetes targets. The network of the ROS-diabetes targets is significantly different from the 100 randomly generated networks, indicating the overlap of ROS-diabetes targets with respect to the topic ââ¬Å"Reactive Oxygen Species and Diabetesâ⬠. Functional enrichment analyses of the ROS-diabetes targets Functional enrichment analyses of the 1,026 ROS-diabetes targets were performed to identify over-represented biological functions of the ROS-diabetes targets. After BenJamini-Hochberg correction, a total of 189 molecular functions, 450 biological rocesses, 73 cellular components and 341 pathways were significantly enriched in the ROS-diabetes targets when compared against all the HUGO genes (see Additional Files 3, 4, 5 and 6 for the full lists). Table 3 lists the top 3 most over-represented GO terms and pathways ranked by p-values of Fisherââ¬â¢s exact test: e. g. , apoptosis, oxidoreductase activity and insulin signaling pathway. Additional file 3. The enriched Molecular Functions Gene Ontology Terms in the 1,026 ROS-Diabetes targets. Format: XLS Size: 91 KB Download file This file can be viewed with: Microsoft Excel Vieweropen Data Additional file 4. The nriched Biological Processes Gene Ontology Terms in the 1,026 ROS-Diabetes targets. Format: XLS Size: 95KB Download file This tile can be viewed wit Microsott Excel Vieweropen Data Additional tile enriched Cellular Components Gene Ontology Terms in the 1,026 ROS-Diabetes targets. Format: XLS Size: 61 KB Download file This file can be viewed with: Microsoft Excel Vieweropen Data Additional file 6. The enriched pathways in the 1,026 ROS-Diabetes targets. Format: XLS Size: 104KB Download file This file can be viewed with: Microsoft Excel Vieweropen Data Table 3. Enriched functions of 1,026 ROS-diabetes targets Identification of over-represented ROS-diabetes targets To identify the ROS-diabetes targets highly over-represented in ROS-diabetes literature, three sets of background corpora of the same size (n = 1 , 1 54 documents) were generated using the same Journal, volume and issue approach. The overlap among the three background sets in terms of documents and identified targets are illustrated in Figure 2. Approximately 90% of the selected background documents were unique to the individual set, while 50% of the identified targets were identified in at least one of the three background document sets. The frequencies of the identified targets were compared among the background sets for significant differences. None of the targets had a BH adjusted p-value ; 0. 05, indicating no significant difference among the targets from the three different background sets (See Additional File 7). thumbnailFigure 2. Venn diagrams of document compositions and identified targets of the randomly generated background sets. Approximately 90% of the selected background documents were unique to individual set (A), while 50% of the identified targets were identified in at least one of the three background document sets (B). Additional file 7. Comparisons of target frequencies among three background sets. Format: XLS Size: 22KB Download file This file can be viewed with: Microsoft Excel Vieweropen Data Comparisons of the ROS-diabetes targets against these background sets revealed 53 highly over- represented ROS-diabetes targets as listed in Table 4. These 53 targets were significant (p-value ; 0. 05) against all three background sets and significant following BenJamini-Hochberg multiple testing correction (BH adjusted p-value ; 0. 05) against at least two of the three background sets. SODI was the most over-represented in he ROS-diabetes targets. Table 4. 53 targets over-represented in ROS-diabetes literature Functional enrichment analyses of the over-represented ROS-diabetes targets Functional enrichment analyses of the 53 ROS-diabetes targets were performed to identify over- represented biological functions. Following BenJamini-Hochberg correction, a total of 65 molecular functions, 209 biological processes, 26 cellular components and 108 pathways were significantly over-represented when compared against all the HUGO genes (see Additional Files 8, 9, 10 and 11 for the full lists). Table 5 shows the top 3 ost significantly over-represented GO terms and pathways ranked by p-values of Fisherââ¬â¢s exact test. GO terms related to oxidative stress such as ââ¬Å"superoxide metabolic processâ⬠, ââ¬Å"superoxide releaseâ⬠, ââ¬Å"electron carrier activityâ⬠and ââ¬Å"mitochondrionâ⬠were highly over-represented 53 ROS-diabetes targets Additional file 8. The enriched Molecular Functions Gene Ontology Terms in the Over- represented 53 ROS-Diabetes targets. Format: XLS Size: 46KB Download file This file can be viewed with: Microsoft Excel Vieweropen Data Additional file 9. The enriched Biological Processes Gene Ontology Terms in the Over-represented 53 ROS- Diabetes targets. Format: XLS Size: 95KB Download file This file can be viewed with: Microsoft Excel Vieweropen Data Additional file 10. The enriched Cellular Components Gene Ontology Terms in the Over-represented 53 ROS-Diabetes targets. Format: XLS Size: 66KB Download file This file can be viewed with: Microsoft Excel Vieweropen Data Additional file 1 1 . The enriched pathways in the Over-represented 53 ROS-Diabetes targets. Format: XLS Size: 75KB Download file This file can be viewed with: Microsoft Excel Vieweropen Data Table 5. Enriched functions of the 53 over-represented targets in diabetes Gene expression change in iabetes Two groups of DBA/2J mice exhibited significantly different levels of glycosylated hemoglobin (%GHb). The mean ?à ± SEM were 6. 2 ?à ± 0. for the non-diabetic control group and for 14. 0 ?à ± 0. 8 for the diabetic group (p-value 0. 001), indicative of prolonged hyperglycemia in the diabetic group [26]. DRG were harvested from these animals for gene expression assays. Nine genes were selected from the top ranked ROS-diabetes targets: superoxide dismutase 1 (Sodl), catalase (Cat), xanthine dehydrogenase (Xdh), protein kinase C alpha (Prkca), neutrophil cytosolic factor 1 Ncfl), nitric oxid e synthase 3 (Nos3), superoxide dismutase 2 (Sod2), cytochrome b-245 alpha (Cyba), and nitric oxide synthase 1 (Nosl). Eight genes exhibited differential expression between diabetic and non-diabetic mice (p-value 0. 05) as shown in Figure 3. Cat, Sodl, Sod2, Prkca, and NOSI expression levels were decreased, while Ncfl , Xdh, and Cyba expression levels were increased in diabetes. thumbnailFigure 3. Gene expression levels of selected ROS-diabetes targets in DRG examined by real-time RT-PCR. Expression levels are relative to Tbp, an internal control (error bar = SEM) (*, p 0. 05; **, p 0. 01; ***, p 0. 01). Eight (Cat, Sodl, Ncfl , Xdh, Sod2, Cyba, Prkca, and Nosl) out of the nine selected ROS-diabetes genes were significantly regulated by diabetes. Discussion Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are products of normal energy metabolism and play important roles in many other biological processes such as the immune response and signaling cascades [4-6]. As mediators of cellular damage, ROS are implicated in pathogenesis of multiple diseases including diabetic complications [27-30]. With the aid of literature mining technology, we collected 1 ,026 possible ROS-related targets from a set of biomedical literature indexed with both ROS and diabetes. Fifty-three targets were significantly over-represented in the ROS-diabetes papers when compared against three background sets. Depending on how the background set is defined, the over-represented targets may vary widely. An ideal background set would be the entire PubMed set; however, this is not possible due to limited access to tull texts and intense data processing. An alternative method wou d be to use only abstracts in PubMed, but this may not fully represent the literature. Using only the abstracts, our target identification method resulted in 21 (39%) of the 53 key ROS- iabetes targets (Additional File 12), suggesting the benefit of rich information in full text documents. In the present study, background documents were randomly selected from the same Journal, volume, and issue of the 54 ROS-diabetes documents, which were not indexed with ââ¬Å"Reactive Oxygen Speciesâ⬠[MeSH] nor ââ¬Å"Diabetes Mellitusâ⬠[MeSH]. This approach maintained the background corpora not far from the ROS and diabetes context. Additional file 12. The Key 53 ROS-Diabetes Targets Identifiable Using Only the Abstracts. Format: XLS Size: 23KB Download file This file can be viewed with: Microsoft Excel Vieweropen Data The gene expression evels of nine targets selected from the 53 over-represented ROS-diabetes targets were measured in diabetic and non-diabetic DRG. Our laboratory is particularly interested in deciphering the underlying mechanisms of diabetic neuropathy, a major complication of diabetes. Data published by our laboratory both in vitro and in vivo confirm the negative impact of oxidative stress in complication-prone neuron tissues like DRG In an effort to obtain diabetic neuropathy specific targets, SciMiner was employed to further analyze a subset of the ROS-diabetes papers (data not shown). Nerve growth factor (NGF) was identified as the most over- epresented target in this subset when compared to the full ROS-diabetes set; however, NGF did not have statistical significance (BH adjusted p-value = 0. 06). The relatively small numbers of papers and associated targets may have contributed to this non-significance. Therefore, the candidate targets for gene expression validation were selected from among the 53 over-represented ROS-diabetes targets derived from the full ROS-diabetes corpus. Among the tested genes, the expression levels of Cat, Sodl , Sod2, Prkca, and NOSI were decreased, while the expression levels of Ncfl , Xdh, and Cyba were increased nder diabetic conditions. Cat, Sodl , and Sod2 are responsible for protecting cells from oxidative stress by destroying superoxides and hydrogen peroxides [8-11]. Decreased expression of these genes may result in oxidative stress [32]. Increased expression of Cyba and Ncfl , subunits of superoxide-generating nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase complex [30], also supports enhanced oxidative stress. Xdh and its inter-convertible form, Xanthine oxidase (Xod), showed increased activity in various rat tissues under oxidative stress conditions ith diabetes [33], and also showed increased expression in diabetic DRG in the current study. Unlike the above concordant genes, protein kinase C and nitric oxide synthases did not exhibit predicted expression changes in diabetes. Protein kinase C activates NADPH oxidase, further promoting oxidative stress in the cell [34,35]. Decreased expression of Prkca in our diabetic DRG is not parallel with expression levels of other enzymes expected to increase oxidative stress. Between the two nitric oxide synthases tested in the present study, NOSI (neuronal) expression was significantly decreased (p-value 0. 01) in diabetes, while Nos3 (endothelial) expression was not significant (p-value = 0. 06). The neuronal NOSI is expected to play a major role in producing nitric oxide, another type of highly reactive free radical. Thus, with some exceptions, the majority of the differentially expressed genes in DRG show parallel results to the known activities of these targets in diabetes, suggesting enhanced oxidative stress in the diabetic DRG. Assessment of antioxidant enzyme expression in diabetes has yielded a variety of results [36-40] depending upon the duration of diabetes, the tissue studied and other factors. In diabetic mice and rats, it is commonly reported that superoxide dismutases are down-regulated [37-40], where data regarding catalase are variable [36,40]. PKC is activated in diabetes, but most papers that examined mRNA demonstrated that its expression is largely unchanged [41]. Among the 53 over-represented ROS-diabetes targets, SODI was the most over- represented and was differentially expressed under diabetic and non-diabetic conditions. To the best of our knowledge, no published study has investigated the role of SODI in the onset and/or progression of diabetic neuropathy. Mutations of SODI have long been associated with the inherited form of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) [42] and the theory of oxidative stress-based aging [43]. Early reports indicate that knockout of the SODI gene does not affect nervous system development [44], although recovery following injury is slow and incomplete [45,46]. With respect to diabetes, SODI KO accelerates the development of diabetic nephropathy [47] and cataract formation [48]. Thus, examining the SODI KO mouse as a model of diabetic neuropathy would be a reasonable follow-up study. One limitation of the current approach using literature mining technology is incorrect r missed identification of the mentioned targets within the literature. Based on a performance evaluation using a standard text set BioCreAtlvE (Critical Assessment of Information Extraction systems in Biology) version 2 [49], SciMiner achieved 87. 1% recall (percentage identification of targets in the given text), 71. 3% precision (percentage accuracy of identified target) and 75. 8% F-measure (harmonious average of recall and precision = (2 x recall x precision)/(recall + precision)) before manual revision [14]. In order to improve the accuracy of SciMinerââ¬â¢s results, each target was anually reviewed and corrected by checking the sentences in which each target was identified. Approximately, 120 targets (â⬠10% of the initially identified targets from the ROS-diabetes papers) were removed during the manual review process. The overall accuracy is expected to improve through the review process; however, the review process did not address targets missed by SciMiner, since we did not thoroughly review individual papers. Instead, 5 missed targets, whose associations with ROS-diabetes literature were available in the NCBI Gene2PubMed database, were added to the final ROS-diabetes target list (Additional File 2). How to cite Literature-based discovery of diabetes, Papers isabelarnold199http://www.blogger.com/profile/04783316530634911331noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8893832499843735331.post-91304519191066045592020-04-24T02:38:00.001-07:002020-04-24T02:38:03.083-07:00Spain All In Spanish Essay Research Paper free essay sample Spain ( All In Spanish ) Essay, Research Paper Espa? a se localiza el este de Portugal y el oeste del Sur de la Francia. Es el oeste del Mar Y EL Sur Mediterr? neos de la Bah? a de Biscat. Es el este del Oc? Fatah Revolutionary Council Atl? ntico Y el oeste de las Islas de Balearic. Espa? a es separada de la Francia por La monta? as de Pyrenees. M? s que La mitad del dad? s se compone de monta? as. All? desiertos de seres y wetlands en Espa? a. We will write a custom essay sample on Spain All In Spanish Essay Research Paper or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Es generalmente un clima caliente aunque las monta? as puedan obtener La nieve. Espa? a tiene una monarqu? a constitucional. El Rey sirve como jefe del Estado. El no tiene un papel directo en las operaciones del gobierno pero? fifty tiene un papel en normas de gobierno. El primer ministro Es llamado Al presidente del gobierno en Espa? a. El parlamento de marcas de Espa? a las leyes de pa? Ses y la legislatura tienen m? s de 500 miembros. Espa? a tiene tambi? n Department of State sistemas del tribunal, civil Y militar, los Jueces deciden todos casos. Juan Carlos lleg? a ser Rey de Espa? a nut 1975 Y? cubic decimeter jugaron un papel magn? fico Al cambio Espa? a de una dictadura a una democracia Durante los vitamin D? as tempranos de Espa? a Liberians ocup? mucho del dad? s. Ellos cultivaron Y construyeron Las aldeas y los Pueblo. Algunos de estos pueblos desarrollados en las primeras ciudades en Espa? a aprecian Cartagena. Phoencians comenz? a establece La colonias Y llev? un comercio que prosper? . Celtic? s Y los romanos vinieron tambi? n a Espa? a. La conquista romana de Espa? a comenz? durante las guerras de Punic Y les tom? 200 a? os a conquista Espa? a. Roma conquist? tambi? n Portugal. Los alemanes invadieron tambi? n Espa? a as? como tambi? n Muslims. La invasi? n comenz? en 711. Muchas gente espa? ola lleg? a ser Muslim como resultado de la orden de Moorish. El Muslims influy? en Espa? a magn? ficamente Y Se puede ver en el trabajo de la arquitectura y la arte de Espa? a. Ellos construyeron muchos palacios del anuncio de mezquitas llamaron alocazars. En 1978 Espa? a aprob? una constituci? n nueva basada en principios democr? ticos. . La poblaci? n de Espa? a Es 39.2 millones. Se compone de gente espa? ola, y ellos hablan Castilian EL espa? ol. La religi? n primaria de Espa? a Si Cat? lico de romano. La gente hour angle vivido en Espa? a parity m? s de 100,000 a? os. Muchos grupos vinieron a Espa? a inclusive Celts, los griegos, LOS romanos, y los alemanes. Acerca de 90 % de la poblaci? n vive nut La ciudades. Estas ciudades boy Madrid Y Barcelona. La Capital de Espa? a Es Madrid y la poblaci? n hay 2,984,576 character. En La degree Fahrenheit? bricas de la ciudad, las tiendas, y Las oficinas cierran parity una tres interrupci? n del almuerzo de hora y permanecen abre hasta acerca de siete. Esto es una costumbre espa? ola vieja que tranquilo contin? a a? n en las ciudades modernas. La moneda de Espa? a Es La Peseta. El cambio Es un vitamin D? lar americano parity 144 pesetas. Espa? a es uno de Europa? s m? s dad? ses mom barato. Una character famosa de Espa? a Es EL escritor de Don Quixote de la Mancha, que fue escrito por Miguel de Cervantes. Don Quixote es el cuento de un guy viejo exc? ntrico que vive nut un castillo en Barcelona. El hour angle estado leyendo los cuentos de caballeros Y maidens y ha llegado a ser so? Ar de delusional de uno de las hero? nas de cuentos, Dulcinea. El embarcar a salva Dulcinea, su inaugural imaginario en la pena. El rhenium? ne a una chica joven Kitri que? cubic decimeter piensa Es Dulcinea. El cuento Eastern Time? acerca de c? mo cazas de Don despu? s que Kitri y eventualmente Don los sale Al hallazgo su Dulcinea una vez m? s. Esto vitamin E s uno de los pedazos m? s grande de la literatura espa? ola y se sabe mundo lejos tambi? n. EL Paintor m? s famouso espa? ol Es Pablo Picasso. El es considerado Al artista m? s grande del siglo 20th. El tuvo un estilo extraordinario que cambi? como? cubic decimeter obtuvo m? s viejo. El nac? a nut Malaga en el octubre 25th 1881 EL hijo de Jose Ruiz Blasco, que epoch un master de la arte, y Maria Picasso. En la edad de diez? cubic decimeter hizo su primera pintura Y por EL tiempo que? cubic decimeter 10? a Cydonia oblonga a? os de edad? cubic decimeter entr? en Barcelona Escuela de bellas artes. El se asent? en Par? s en 1904. El tuvo muchos estilos diferentes durante su vida Y sculpting explorado Y conditioned emotional response? mico as? como tambi? n pintar. El us? el cubismo en muchas de sus pinturas. Este pintar Se llama? mujer camisa Contra? y es uno de su paitings muy conocido. Un Otro artista espa? ol muy conocido Es Juan Grist. El epoch tambi? n un amigo Y vecino a Pablo Picasso. El aprendi? el cubismo de Picasso y epoch United Nations artista joven muy talentoso. El dise? ? tambi? n los disfraces para muchos concert dance. Su trabajo art? stico contuvo muchos paisajes Y? fifty tiene unos pocos que pinta del cubismo de usar de payasos. El muri? temprano en la edad de thirtynine en 1927. Hay muchas cosas a hace en Espa? a, una fete popular Es La Tamborrada en San Sebastian. Esto est? en el febrero Y EL Pueblo entero arregla Y los partidos. El carnaval sucede a trav? s del Pa? s en EL febrero tarde Y Es tambi? n muy popular. Valencia tiene un five de semana el partido largo llam? Las Fallas y ellos tienen EL baile Toda noche, beber, los fuegos artificiales, Y procesiones coloradas. Semana Santa Es La semana que dirige hasta Domingo de Pascua y all? desfiles de seres de im? cistrons santas por las calles. Madrid tiene muchos museos Y los parques y los jardines hermosos. Uno de las galer? as m? s grande de arte en el mundo est? n en Espa? a, el del de Museo Prado. Goya A ; la arte # 8217 ; s est? all? as? como tambi? n pinturas por Diego Velazquez. Madrid tiene tambi? n los anillos m? s grandes de Toro, el Plaza de Toros Monumental de las Ventas El deporte m? s popular Es Espa? a Si EL degree Fahrenheit? tbol Y Se juega por Toda partes. Es muy popular en Espa? a que en los Estados Unidos. Otro popular Deportivo nut Espa? a incluye esquiar en la Sierra Nevada, y en La monta? as de Pyrenees. Cycling Es tambi? n una actividad popular. Hay La nataci? n tambi? n maravillosa en Espa? a nut La costa del Pais Vasco. Como en casi cada dad? s hay EL excursionismo magn? fico en las monta? as especialmente Durante los meses de verano. El alimento espa? ol tiene una reputaci? n Y tappa fant? stica Es una bebida popular. Hay muchos estofados anti-racketeering law, las sopas, los kidney beans, seafood, y las carne que se usan en la cocina del espa? ol. Los tiempo que espa? oles comen son diferente de los Estados Unidos, el almuerzo se come generalmente como La comida chief del vitamin D? a en acerca de dos o? clock. La comida nocturna es m? s ligera Y Es servido entre diez Y one time de noche. Yo pienso que Espa? a Es un dad? s muy interesante. La semana pasada yo fui a ve que Don Quixote realizaron por el Ballet de Boston, boy un cuento chistoso. Espa? a Es tambi? n un dad? s magn? fico, mi hermana epoch un estudiante del cambio all? por un a? o Y ella lo amaron aunque La cultura Es mucho diferente entonces en los Estados Unidos. Para una chicas de la cosa nunca paga por su fecha, que Es com? n en los Estados. Amo el baile del espa? ol tambi? n Y gozo el baile de Flamenco que vigila Y escuchar La m? sica espa? ola a lawsuit de su ritmo emocionante. 332 isabelarnold199http://www.blogger.com/profile/04783316530634911331noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8893832499843735331.post-64601605195722404132020-03-17T19:31:00.001-07:002020-03-17T19:31:03.907-07:00Internet Culture Essay ExampleInternet Culture Essay Example Internet Culture Paper Internet Culture Paper BA Humanities Media and Society It is hard to understand the term culture. What is culture? Is it a way of life, is it a group of shared interests that brings a community of individuals together or is it a utopian dream, an invention created by the powers that be who govern society to help to collaborate interests in a structured easy to monitor way? Culture is defined in many different ways. It is said that cultures are maps of meaning through which the world is made intelligible1, but whatever the true meaning of the word Culture, Raymond Williams was right in suggesting that Culture is one of the most complicated words in the human language2: Culture is one of the two or three most complicated words in the English language. This is so partly because of its intricate historical development { } but mainly because it has now come to be used for important concepts in several distinct intellectual disciplines and in several distinct and incompatible systems of thought3. Culture has become the antithesis of modern times. Its meaning is so vast and indescribable that it would be very difficult to placate an entire essay on its meaning and come to any fore longed conclusion. Culture has a different meaning to different people and it is this paradigmatic complexity that allows the word to put fear into anyone attempting to analyse its essence. However, if you put a leading word, a word that defines disciplines within a specific culture, the term suddenly becomes identifiable. Oral Culture, Print Culture, Popular Culture and what we are attempting to understand within this research, Internet Culture begins to have a more clear and concise meaning. The very nature of the words associated and linked to the term culture allow for a more natural semblance of association. Once a word has been linked with the massive expanse of the term culture, the essence and meaning of a task such as describing what you understand by the term Internet Culture becomes significantly easier to digest and comprehend. Within the following research I will attempt to describe what I understand of the term Internet Culture and to address some of the key critical questions being asked about the movement towards the Internet Revolution4. For the basis of consistency, I will divide the text into what I feel are the key critical issues that are being questioned regarding Internet Culture, beginning with the definition that I believe personifies the term Internet Culture. As there are a phenomenal amount of issues that are being questioned I have chosen two key concepts that I feel are of importance regarding the construction and maintenance of a culture that is virtual in essence. The main critical issues that I will review are:à Can you have a virtual community?à How will Internet Culture affect the information Have and Have Nots? However, before we go any further it is imperative that we decipher what I believe and understand by the term Internet Culture. A contemporary hobby or obsession has been the compartmentalisation of eras in time and space or epochs that relate specifically to how society and the inhabitants of society communicate. Theorists have been able to highlight a number of shifts in the way a society communicates that has led to different aspects of cultural identity being adopted. It is safe to suggest that the fundamental link between varying societies and cultures are the way that they communicate and interact, as the understanding of a common language strengthens a community, just as a lack of understanding can also divide and ostracise. One of the first epochs to be defined was the Primary Oral Culture, a culture that communicated only by speech with no written text or literature present. Oral Culture was temporally biased5, it relied heavily on mythology and legend as well as ceremony and memorisation in order to transcend meaning and keep a sense of cultural identity alive6. It can be said that Oral Culture laid the foundations for the evolution of culture and society through differing communication media. The Primary Oral Culture led to Print Culture and then Visual Culture and to the epoch, which contemporary western societies are meant to inhabit, that of Internet Culture. Since Oral Culture all other cultures have included a fundamental aspect of the oral society7. We live in a predominantly word based environment, one of speech and hearing a world of sound8, however, the interactive medium that Internet Culture utilises is perhaps the only medium that converges all traditional modes of communication9. Internet Culture is the epoch that contemporary society has begun to inhabit, however, it can also be a fluid and complex medium that has many cultural meanings with little social understanding. Internet Culture cannot be as easily associated and linked to past specifications of culture that society has grown accustomed to. David Porter gives an interpretation of what Internet Culture is and the diverged sense of cultural significance that the Internet procures: If the Internet can be understood as the site of any culture at all, it is not, presumable, culture in the sense either of an elitist enclave or of a homogeneous social sphere. The culture that the Net embodies, rather, is a produce of the peculiar conditions of virtual acquaintance that prevail online, a collective adaptation of the high frequency of anonymous, experimental, and even fleeting encounters familiar to anyone who has ventured into a newsgroup debate. 10 It is therefore difficult to ascertain what Internet Culture is and it is equally difficult to give an explanation of a new medium with such a heavy cultural significance. The Internet is changing the way society communicates, but this is not a new or contemporary notion. Erla Zwingle establishes the movement of society and tradition when he affirms that Goods move, people move, ideas move and cultures change11. It is this that has the cultural significance in a continuously fluid environment like the Internet. However, to what extent the cultural significance has affected society and cultural infiltration is at this stage purely speculative with no foreseeable way of monitoring the effects that the Internet has. As we enter the 21st century electronic media have become an imperative aspect of western societies daily lives. We use computers because they are easy, they buy us time and they give us entertainment. Internet Culture is an extension of the visual image that saturates our everyday lives. isabelarnold199http://www.blogger.com/profile/04783316530634911331noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8893832499843735331.post-5433211915530691692020-03-01T11:18:00.001-08:002020-03-01T11:18:03.581-08:00ScotchScotch Scotch Scotch By Simon Kewin The word Scotch has several meanings, but it should never be used as an adjective to refer to a person or object from Scotland. The only exception is that the word is acceptable as part of certain compound names, such as Scotch whisky, Scotch mist or Scotch broth. Words such as Scotchman or Scotchwoman are obsolete and frowned upon by people from Scotland. The correct words to use are Scottish or Scots. It would be wrong, for example, to say ââ¬Å"The Scotch weather is frequently atrociousâ⬠but it would be quite correct to say ââ¬Å"The Scottish weather is frequently atrociousâ⬠. Similarly, the Scottish newspaper is The Scotsman, not The Scotchman. The word Scotch on its own is (as well as being a registered trade name) often used as a shortened form of ââ¬Å"Scotch whiskyâ⬠. Therefore, it is just about permissible to say ââ¬Å"Scotch manâ⬠, as in ââ¬Å"Iââ¬â¢m a Scotch man, myselfâ⬠, but that would mean someone who enjoys or prefers to drink Scotch whisky rather than someone from Scotland. Footnote : Whisky and whiskey are often used interchangeably, but the two spellings identify the origin of the spirit. In the UK, ââ¬Å"whiskyâ⬠means the drink from Scotland, whereas ââ¬Å"whiskeyâ⬠is used when the source is Ireland. More widely, ââ¬Å"whiskyâ⬠is also used when referring to the Canadian and Japanese drinks and ââ¬Å"whiskeyâ⬠is generally used to refer to the drink when it is from the USA. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Misused Words category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:20 Great Opening Lines to Inspire the Start of Your Story15 Words for Household Rooms, and Their SynonymsPunctuation Is Powerful isabelarnold199http://www.blogger.com/profile/04783316530634911331noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8893832499843735331.post-60660448797888280502020-02-14T02:44:00.001-08:002020-02-14T02:44:02.829-08:00Arguments for Post-Washington Consensus Consensus by Joseph Stiglitz EssayArguments for Post-Washington Consensus Consensus by Joseph Stiglitz - Essay Example s as of 1989.â⬠(2).Such policies often include-fiscal discipline; a reorientation of public expenditure priorities toward fields offering both high economic returns and targeting evener income distribution,.e.g. primary health care, primary education, and infrastructure ;tax reform (to lower marginal rates and broaden the tax base);Interest rate liberalization ;a competitive exchange rate ;trade liberalization ;liberalization of inflows of foreign direct investment ;privatization ;deregulation (to abolish barriers to entry and exit) and secure property rights. This privatization agenda in pursuit of globalization has come under criticism as (1) says,â⬠Some of the most vociferous of todays critics of what they call the Washington Consensus, most prominently Joe Stiglitz... do not object so much to the agenda laid out above as to the neoliberalism that they interpret the term as implying. I of course never intended my term to imply policies like capital account liberalizati on...monetarism, supply-side economics, or a minimal state (getting the state out of welfare provision and income redistribution), which I think of as the quintessentially neoliberal ideasâ⬠. In development literature it is examined and accepted that The Washington consensus emerged out of a kind of counter reaction in development economics (3) to what has been termed as rather operationally successful neoliberal revolution against Keynesianism prescriptions of the 1970s.The Washington Consensus, materialized in large and specially built Structural Adjustment Programmes (SAPs) suggested for a substantial portion of the developing countries in the ensuing years of 1980s and 1990s.It was the outcomes of these SAPs that were not along expected lines and which resulted in external criticism of The Washington Consensus itself. Joseph Stiglitz a World Bank Economist was the most prominent insider to offer criticism of the neoliberalism inherent in The Washington Consensus and the bod y of isabelarnold199http://www.blogger.com/profile/04783316530634911331noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8893832499843735331.post-27096234875210813522020-02-01T15:42:00.001-08:002020-02-01T15:42:02.816-08:00Contemporary Marketing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 wordsContemporary Marketing - Essay Example The company was formed in 1998, by two Stanford University students Larry Page and Sergey Brin (Hamen, 2011). The company has grown extensively over the years and has in many ways surpassed the basic objective of accumulating all information and providing easier accessibility across the globe. As explained in the website, ââ¬Å"From offering search in a single language we now offer dozens of products and servicesââ¬âincluding various forms of advertising and web applications for all kinds of tasksââ¬âin scores of languages. And starting from two computer science students in a university dorm room, we now have thousands of employees and offices around the worldâ⬠(Google, 2011). The company now has a wide range of products and services and several different options which help make it easier for the world to share the information. For instance the company has developed several applications like Gmail, Google Calendar, Google Docs and many others which help in better acces sibility to data and information. The further sections will deal with the impact of technology on several aspects of marketing of Google (Hamen, 2011). Marketing communication is a major part of every business and in some ways can be considered to be a subset of marketing itself. The marketing of a company is based on the marketing mix (4 Ps in the case of products and 7 Ps in the case of services), and marketing communication is a means of promoting the marketing mix of a company. Technology and marketing go hand in hand and with the ever changing technology, the options for marketing communication have also increased to a great extent (Jobber, 2009). Marketing communication within a company needs to be integrated as it helps keep the customers aware of the brand name and image. Advancing technology is definitely not a trend and this has a number of isabelarnold199http://www.blogger.com/profile/04783316530634911331noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8893832499843735331.post-70243995437301092552020-01-24T12:06:00.001-08:002020-01-24T12:06:03.482-08:00Analysis of William Butler Yeats Poems Essay examples -- William YeatAnalysis of William Butler Yeats' Poems; When You Are Old, The Lake Isle of Innisfree, The Wild Swans at Coole, The Second Coming and Sailing to Byzantium In many poems, short stories, plays, television shows and novels an author usually deals with a main idea in each of their works. A main reason they do this is due to the fact that they either have a strong belief in that very idea or it somehow correlates to an important piece of their life overall. For example the author Thomas Hardy likes to deal with the idea of loss in many different ways within his poems some being positive and some being negative. William Butler Yeats has a main philosophical idea which he sticks to and portrays in his poems he believes once you die you come back as another life form this would be rather than a linear view on life a spherical view on life. Just as Thomas Hardy deals with loss in his poems William Butler Yeats likes to play with the idea of change and changelessness. A critic by the name of Richard Ellmann explains that Yeats' poetry deals with opposition of both ââ¬Å"the world of changeâ⬠, and a world of ââ¬Å"changelessnessà ¢â¬ . The idea of change or changelessness is in fact included in each of Yeatââ¬â¢s poems; When You Are Old, The Lake Isle of Innisfree, The Wild Swans at Coole, The Second Coming and Sailing to Byzantium. To begin, When You Are Old by William Butler Yeats discusses the idea of change in life. In this poem Yeats is a bitter man angry about the way his woman would not marry him. He goes to say some harsh things in a lovey way and tends to get his point across. His poem begins by saying on page 1140 lines 1-2, ââ¬Å"When you are old and gray and full of sleep, and nodding by the fire, take down this book,â⬠Here Yeats disc... ...nge. Here Yates confuses by stating that he doesnââ¬â¢t want to change, but as a human change is always at hand even after death. In conclusion, Yeats enjoys the idea of change and changelessness within the world. Yates of course approaches the idea of change and changelessness differently in each of the poems. Some of the ways that the idea of change is used can be optimistic more like the poem of The Wild Swans at Coole and some are more pessimistic and quite an eye opener like the poem on The Second Coming or Sailing to Byzantium. Either way, the critic Richard Ellmann was correct in his statement discussed before. Works Cited When You Are Old by William Butler Yeats The Lake Isle of Innisfree by William Butler Yeats The Wild Swans At Coole by William Butler Yeats The Second Coming by William Butler Yeats Sailing to Byzantium by William Butler Yeats isabelarnold199http://www.blogger.com/profile/04783316530634911331noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8893832499843735331.post-48919000836919154282020-01-16T08:30:00.001-08:002020-01-16T08:30:03.531-08:00Pride And Prejudice Diary EntryDear Diary, Little did I know about Mr.Bingley and Mr.Darcy. I heard some good things about them but nothing really relevant. But it was my time to find out everything I needed to know about them at a small dinner party that someone organised. It doesn't matter how the party will be, I want to know who is going to be there, and most importantly, what will happen. I spent the whole day shopping for my dress, and some accessories. I bought a diamond necklace and I was ready to gossip about the new gentleman's in town. I enter the dinner without socialising to much, I didn't want to get distracted, I was keeping my prize. I saw one of the two dancing, how did I know it was them? Every single one of my friend was ââ¬Ëspying' on those two guys. It must have been them. I get closer and closer and I just can't avoid to notice how one of the two looks so arrogant and bored. His face had no emotion, the little emotion he portrayed was negative. He was bored and wasn't even dancing. However, the other one had an endless smile on his face and he was undeniably having fun like a real gentleman. I go there and find out that the boring, arrogant looking one was Mr.Darcy. So obviously the other one was Mr.Bingley who was flirting with a girl. I couldn't be bothered to even look at the girl because I was so distracted from this amazingly fascinating man. Mr.Bingley stops dancing for a while and speaks to Mr.Darcy but I'm not near enough to listen to what they are saying. I see Mr.Darcy pointing at Lizzy and, Lizzy offended. Her eyes were full of tears. What did he say? Why did she cry? ââ¬Å"She is tolerant; but not handsome enough to tempt meâ⬠. These are the words Mr.Darcy said about Lizzy. No wonder she got offended. His character was decided, he is an arrogant and exuberant person. I stop concentrating on Mr Darcy because he is too boring for me, I need some interesting things. Some gossip. I run to my girlfriends and they immediately point at Mr.Bingley. Yes, I knew he was dancing with a girl, but I looked at his eyes and I was shocked. His eyes fell in love. No wonder he had a huge smile on his face, he fell in love with Lydia. Meanwhile I notice that Mr.Bennet announces that he had already met Mr.Bingley. He didn't tell the wife or the daughters. Why? Well I don't really care. He probably did it to contradict his family. He is a nice man but he is always playing jokes and tricks on everyone. Especially the wife. I can't believe these two individuals are married, they are like day and night, two complete different things. I see the two of them discussing about inviting Mr.Bingley to dinner. The night was over. What will Happen Next? Only I know! And who am I? That's a secret I'll never tell, the only one. isabelarnold199http://www.blogger.com/profile/04783316530634911331noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8893832499843735331.post-43347438170796528902020-01-08T04:53:00.001-08:002020-01-08T04:53:03.176-08:00The Polished Hoe Analysis - 945 Words There are shared assumptions that have developed overtime as a means of understanding the world, which are unique in every culture; these are commonly referred to as social constructions. In The Polished Hoe, written by Austin Clarke, these constructions become clear, in efforts to shed light on the inequalities that plague habitants of the Caribbean who inherited specific invariable traits. In the land of Bimshire, Barbados as we know it, being classified as anything other than a landowning white male, comes with a host of prejudices that deems one to a lifetime of indirect servitude. Gender is a clear barrier that decides whether someone becomes a wealthy citizen, or a submissive spouse at the mercy of her superior. Hence, the untoldâ⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦And how to bury them. Inside their hearts. Concealed in their blood. They were strong women, then. Tough women. Women who gave birth in the fields today, and returned to raise their hoe and lift their load two afternoons l ater; wthin fourty-eight hours. In the same fields. Yesâ⬠(37). Throughout the Caribbean, the small population of white people controlled the majority of the wealth. Like everywhere else in the world, money is directly associated with power and social class. Women being seen as menââ¬â¢s inferiors, rather than their partners, is a social construction that plagues areas that have been affected by colonialism. That puts black women at the bottom of the social latter, with wealthy white men at the to; consequently, black women were viewed as disposable. Aside from gender, race played a huge role in deciding someoneââ¬â¢s social class. Although race in the Caribbean is viewed differently than in the United States, darkness still comes with the same negative realities. Being of lighter complexion comes with better economic opportunity, and envy for darker counterparts. This is perpetuated because of colonization. White men became in places of power, and natives begin to connect prosperity with Eurocentric traits. Seeing that themselves prevented women from becoming successful, the only way they could provide a virtuous life for their child was to marry someone of a isabelarnold199http://www.blogger.com/profile/04783316530634911331noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8893832499843735331.post-50034682228392397202019-12-31T01:19:00.001-08:002019-12-31T01:19:03.778-08:00Communism Of The Vietnam War And The Cold War - 1181 Words Communism is an ideology that has a very long history more than one-third of the globe. This ideology is followed by Russia, Cuba, Laos, China, North Korea, and Vietnam. This ideology is the source of many revolutions and conflicts throughout the history likes the English Civil War, the Bolshevik Revolution, the Vietnam War, the Korea War and the Cold War. However, what makes Communism different from other ideologies is its origin, its policy, and its effects on the poor and the working class. Communism originated during the Stone Age, at the beginning of our human civilization from the fourth B. C. as primitive Communismâ⬠. At that point, everyone had an equal amount of work. Then it was later being replaced by monarchy and capitalism. Communism has been mentioned in many books: The Bible, Plato s Republic by Plato, Utopia (1516) by Sir Thomas More, City of the Sun (1623) by Tommaso Campanella. This ideology also led to the English Civil War, a rebellion among the poor class (peasant class) and the dominant class. But later being repressed heavily by the dominant class. After the Industrial Age, the difference between the poor and the wealthy became clearer, which lead to the rise of ââ¬Å"modern Communismâ⬠. According to Marx, the Father of modern Communism, he used to say: From each according to his ability, to each according to his needâ⬠(World History and Cultures). Later on, Marx met Engels. Sharing the same idea of the injustice among classes, the y published ââ¬Å"TheShow MoreRelatedThe Battle Of Dien Bien Phu1256 Words à |à 6 PagesBien Phu To Vietnam War ââ¬Å"It will be a war between an elephant and a tiger. If the tiger stand still, the elephant will crush him. But the tiger will never stand still. It will leap upon the elephantââ¬â¢s back, ripping out huge chunks of flesh and then will disappear back again into the dark jungle and slowly the elephant will blead to deathâ⬠(PeriscopeFilm, 1962). After World War II, the world experiences one of the longest wars that have ever occurred in the twentieth century, Vietnam War which lastedRead MoreThe Cold War During World War II930 Words à |à 4 PagesThe Cold War was political hostility between the United States of America and the Soviet Union through threats, propaganda and series of warfare incidents that made these superpowers of the time suspicious of one another. With the sources of the reader I will explain whoââ¬â¢s to be at fault for the Cold war, the United States or the Soviet Union. The term ââ¬Å"Cold Warâ⬠according to Heonik Kwon in his document origins of the Cold War ââ¬Å"â⬠¦ refers to the prevailing condition of the world in the second halfRead MoreThe Cause For The Vietnam War1442 Words à |à 6 PagesAmong the causes for the Vietnam War are the Western fear of communism, the remnants of nineteenth-century colonialism, and tensions caused by World War Two and the Cold War, but these causes co uld easily have been circumvented and the Vietnam War prevented. As is often the case with wars, one of the most influential factors in the causation of the Vietnam War was fear, especially fear of communism and social upheaval. The anti-communist policies of Western culture had the greatest direct influenceRead MoreThe Cold War And The Soviet Union980 Words à |à 4 PagesHarbor, Hawaii, combined with Adolf Hitlerââ¬â¢s declaring war on the United States, propelled America into World War II from 1939-1945. After War World II, the United States and the Soviet Union emerged as world powers, and the competition for the restructuring of Europe and the world was on. In the race for economic expansion, Americans loyalty and patriotism was tested influencing an urge to conform. However, the following events such as The Cold War, Containment, Domino Theory, Containments failure,Read MoreVietnam During World War II Essay993 Words à |à 4 PagesVietnam During World War II B etween 1939-1945 The Vietnamese guerrillas (Viet Minh) had been fighting the French and the Japanese. Before the Second World War the French ruled Vietnam, then the Japanese took over, when this happened the communist leader Ho Chi Minh who set up the Vietminh in 1945 fought the Japanese and defeated them. When the Japanese were defeated the French tried to rule Vietnam againRead MoreEssay The Power of Ideology1484 Words à |à 6 Pagesideologies, there would be no call to use such a disparaging weapon. The ideas of influential leaders, both right and wrong, are more potent in war than what is universally understood. The world in actuality is ruled by them, and contrasting ideologies cause massive collateral damage. Conflicting ideologies of Communism and Capitalism were set aside in World War II when the Russians and the Americans united as allies to face Nazi Germany as the common enemy. With the defeat of Germany, Russia and theRead MoreDecolonization and Influence of the Cold War Essay1384 Words à |à 6 PagesInfluence of the Cold War The decades following World War II were all centered on the concept of decolonization, the dismantlement of Imperial empires established prior to World War I throughout Africa and Asia. Due to the aftermath of World War II, countries around the world experienced massive independent movements whose objective was to eliminate colonization and form new independent nations. The process of decolonization was separated by three different approaches: civil war, negotiated independenceRead MoreUnited States Involvement with Vietnam Essay949 Words à |à 4 PagesUnited States Involvement with Vietnam Although there are no specific, reasons as to why the USA became increasingly involved in the war, I can name many different reasons and aspects as to why they did. These reasons all link together in some way. These reasons range from long term to short term, and from financial, to political, and finally to full scale war. The origins of involvement can be traced back to the 19th century when the French had added a huge partRead MoreThe Policies Of Eisenhower s Vietnam And John F. Policy1688 Words à |à 7 Pagespolicy in Vietnam we have to compare the policies of Dwight Eisenhowerââ¬â¢s in Vietnam and John F. Kennedys policies and how it contradicted with their ideologies. DWIGHT EISENHOWERS FOREIGN POLICY VS. JOHN F. KENNEDYS FOREIGN POLICY The view by some historians is that The Dwight Eisenhower foreign policy was popularly known as the ââ¬Å"New Lookâ⬠. This policy aimed to maintain the American financial economy while Eisenhower was planning the Cold war and continue the containment of communism regime. AlsoRead MoreThe War Of The Vietnam War1704 Words à |à 7 PagesRevolutionary War, even before we were a country. How we jumped in during WWI to help bring it to an end. Also, how we raided the shores of Omaha to save Europe from Hitler, and drop nukes on Japan. We learned how we beat the Soviet Union so hard during the Cold War that they donââ¬â¢t even exist anymore. One war that America does not seem to talk about is the Vietnam War. The Vietnam War was a proxy war during the Cold War, but it is always swept aside. The Vietnam War divided the U.S. as the war continued isabelarnold199http://www.blogger.com/profile/04783316530634911331noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8893832499843735331.post-77885518264807114342019-12-22T21:05:00.001-08:002019-12-22T21:05:02.651-08:00The Iran Contra Affair Involving Ronald Reagan - 1059 Words In class, we discussed the Iran-Contra Affair involving Ronald Reagan. However, we did not go in depth about public opinion, George H.W. Bushââ¬â¢s involvement, or how people feel about it today. This paper will seek to continue this topic. For example, the Iran-Contra polls showed that most Americans did not believe Reganââ¬â¢s cover stories, yet there was never a push for him to pay the political price, which would ultimately have been impeachment. Thus this paper will further attempt to understand the mindset of people that allowed these events to occur with little penalty. The Public Opinion To begin, Congress, by fair vote, decided in the 1980s that the United States should not assist the contras fighting the socialist Sandinista government of Nicaragua (Corn 2006). Yet, the Reagan White House concocted several imaginative ways to pull an end-run around democracy (Corn 2006). Reaganââ¬â¢s decisions such as selling weapons to Iran were made with the knowledge that he would not suffer a decline in presidential approval. Thus, Reagan took various steps that were violations of law that not only involved himself, but members of the CIA. By 1986, two big revelations happened that caused this scandal to abrupt publically. The first was the shoot-down of a cargo plane over Nicaragua and the admission by the sole survivor that the plane had been delivering arms to the Contras against congressional restrictions (Kornbluh 2011). The second, revelation was the news story of Lebanon that statedShow MoreRelatedThe Iran Contra Scandal Was A Shocking And Nefarious Governmental Affai r1246 Words à |à 5 PagesThe Iran-Contra Scandal was a shocking and nefarious governmental affair which occurred during the executive administration of President Ronald Reagan. The affairs involved many people in the United States government and their dealings with other nations, and the congressional hearings which were held to expose the secrets and find the truth behind the scandal to determine who was involved and who would be deemed guilty of atrocious crimes (Vile). President Reagan arranged a deal with Iran, secretlyRead MoreInterview History981 Words à |à 4 PagesDunford Reagan Remembered Interview I chose to interview one of my customers from work. His name is Nick Connors and he has always been very involved and interested in events that occur within the United States. I informed him I needed to conduct an interview about his recollections of Ronald Reagan and the 1980ââ¬â¢s and he was more than happy help me out. The questions I asked him during our interview are as follows: Me: What do you remember about the economic policies during Ronald Reaganââ¬â¢sRead MorePresident Ronald Reagan s Foreign Policy1147 Words à |à 5 Pagesmay say, President Ronald Reagan was defined by his foreign policy. Some may also consider that he made difficult decisions during his presidency in America. Unfortunately, he also made many mistakes as a president. Some think that his foreign policy is one of the errors that he made. Even though he was an important factor in ending the Cold War, people on his foreign policy team ended up killing American soldiers. Historically, many considered that a person either liked Reagan or they were againstRead MoreRhetorical Analysis: the Challenger Addressà 720 Words à |à 3 PagesUnited States, Ronald Reagan. Americans had high expectations of the space programs which intended to provide the United States a great sense of achievement. The significance of the space program lies in essence in which symbolized American glory in science and technology. (Lambright) Therefore, the audience of Reaganââ¬â¢s speech was American public; those who had experienced the tragic national loss of seven American astronauts resulted from the failure of space regime. Evidence of Reagan constantlyRead MoreEssay about Rhetorical Analysis: ââ¬Å"the Challenger Addressâ⬠704 Words à |à 3 PagesUnited States, Ronald Reagan. Americans had high expectations of the space programs which intended to provide the United States a great sense of achievement. The significance of the space program lies in essence in which symbolized American glory in science and technology. (Lambright) Therefore, the audience of Reaganââ¬â¢s speech was American public; those who had experienced the tragic national loss of seven American astronauts resulted from the failure of space regime. Evidence of Reagan constantlyRead MoreRonald Reag Foreign Policy2977 Words à |à 12 Pagesand 90ââ¬â¢s Ronald Reagan: Foreign Policy President Reaganââ¬â¢s foreign policy took a sharp turn from his predecessorsââ¬â¢ tactics of easing tensions and instead chose to escalate the cold war conflict, arguing the moral superiority of the U.S.ââ¬â¢s governmental system and framing the Cold War as a fight between the good and free capitalist United States versus the evil communist regime. (ââ¬Å"Reagan Doctrine at U.S. Department of State) This direct confrontal approach later became known as the ââ¬Å"Reagan Doctrineâ⬠Read MoreUs History Reagan, H.W Bush, Clinton, Reaganomics3670 Words à |à 15 Pages1980: The New Political Era (REAGAN, H.W BUSH, CLINTON) The election of 1980 marked a ââ¬Ënew political eraââ¬â¢ that was ushered in by President Reagan and that followed on through the presidencies of George H. W. Bush and William Jefferson Clinton. These presidents were inaugurated at different times and succeeded the successes and the failures of their predecessors. Having came from different political backgrounds and having unique political and social beliefs, Bush, Reagan, and Clinton can only be analyzedRead MoreThe Iran Hostage Crisis2438 Words à |à 10 Pagesradical students seized the United Statesââ¬â¢ embassy in Tehran, Iran. This completely altered the course of American history and relations with the Middle East. This crisis had many impacts on the United States. It caused the Energy Crisis which in turn caused the Recession of 1979. The Iran Hostage Crisis also had political consequences for President Carter. It was a major factor that contributed to him losing the election of 1980 to Ronald Reagan. Additionally, this crisis led to many instances of racialRead MoreThe Cold War and U.S. Diplomacy: The Ronald Reagan Doctrine - Essay3303 Words à |à 14 PagesS. Diplomacy: The Ronald Reagan Doctrine By: Jennefer Paddock Professor Altman: POL300 March 4, 2012 The Cold War and U.S. Diplomacy: The Ronald Reagan Doctrine President Ronald Reaganââ¬â¢s Doctrine was supposed to sponsor anti-communist guerillas who were trying to overthrow pro-Soviet regimes (Roskin 58). President Reagan supported anti-communist groups, and Reagan argued that the American economy was on the move again, while the Soviet Union had become stagnant. President Reagan had morally opposedRead MoreIran Essay2870 Words à |à 12 PagesUnited States and Iran (then Persia) relations began in the late 1800ââ¬â¢s. King Nasser-al-Din Shah sent an ambassador to Washington D.C. although Americans had been traveling to Iran since the mid 1800ââ¬â¢s (1,1). From the late 1800ââ¬â¢s till World War II, relations were very friendly and many of the representatives for Iran saw the United States as a ââ¬Å"third forceâ⬠in there drive to break free from the British and Russian dominance in Persian affairs (1,1). The United States relations with Iran led was very costly isabelarnold199http://www.blogger.com/profile/04783316530634911331noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8893832499843735331.post-15548406311456008892019-12-14T17:35:00.001-08:002019-12-14T17:35:02.275-08:00Rasta Free Essays Shaquille T. Sailsman Literature and Composition March 26,2013 Rastafarianism The Rastafarian religion has many different elements. These elements include: history, beliefs, customs/culture, celebrations, and worshipping. We will write a custom essay sample on Rasta or any similar topic only for you Order Now Rastafarians believe in the divine nature of Emperor Haile Selassie I of Ethiopia, whose title before his coronation of 1930 who Ras Tafari (Prince of the House of Tafari). The name Haile Selassie means ââ¬Å"Power of Trinity. â⬠He was the Emperor of Ethiopia from 1930-1974. Haile Selassie never regarded himself as God, nor did he adhere to Rastafari. According to iconn. org, Rastafarians regard Haile Selassie I as God because Marcus Garveyââ¬â¢s prophecy ââ¬â ââ¬Å"Look to Africa where a black king shall be crowned, he shall be the Redeemerâ⬠ââ¬â was swiftly followed by the ascension of Haile Selassie as Emperor of Ethiopia. Haile Selassie I is regarded by Rastafarians as the God of the black race. The Rastafarian religion began in Jamaica in the 1930s. The religion was formed after periods of slavery. Rastafarians regarded Jamaica as hell and Ethiopia as heaven. Rastafarians called Jamaica hell because Africans were divided up and sent to destinations throughout the world, in most cases as slaves to whites. This is why many Africans found themselves in Jamaica. Ethiopia, the homeland, was seen as a place of fond memories of freedom and life prior to oppression. This meant it eventually became regarded as heaven. ââ¬Å"Rastafarians believes Jah (God) lives on in some form, and believes that one day he will bring about the return of all black people to their ancestral home in Africa,â⬠(Breuilly, Oââ¬â¢Brien, Palmer, 152). When Rastafarians have kids, they raise their kids to believe in Jah and after a certain age they should be able to identify who he is. They are also raised to believe that one day he will be raised from the dead and bring them back to Africa, their supposed homeland. Rastafarians dedicate themselves to preparing for this homecoming, growing closer to Jah, (Breuilly, Oââ¬â¢Brien, Palmer). They do this by cultivating peace and harmony with all and by living in a way that is close to nature, mimicking Jah. Another way Rastas try to mimic Jah is by rejecting practices introduced from white culture, which is symbolically called ââ¬Å"Babylon. â⬠The culture of Rastafarian is to condemn the eating of meat. They are all vegetarians. In order to spiritually grow as a person, meat has to be gradually eliminated from the diet. According to www. iconn. org, ââ¬Å"the main reason Rastafarians donââ¬â¢t eat meat is because animals try so hard to get away. The fear of the animals can be seen in their eyes. It is evident that they are begging for mercy. Rastafarians will have to show mercy. Within the book of genesis, the LORD gave man dominion over animals. It was not to eat them but to care for them. â⬠An efficient healthy body is very basic. The Rastafarianââ¬â¢s diet is designed to meet their personal needs. The Rastafarianââ¬â¢s food is normally referred to as ital food within the Rastafarian culture. The most traditional way to know a Rastafarian is by their dreadlocks. Some people may wear their hair the Rastafarian way ââ¬â dreadlocks ââ¬â without being committed to Rastafarian belief or lifestyle, while many believers feel obligated to abandon the traditional hairstyles for the sake of gaining or remaining in employment,â⬠(Breuilly, Oââ¬â¢Brien, Palmer, 152). Rastas wear dreadlocks because they do not believe in cutting or combing their hair. It is also the way some ancient African priests and Israelites wore their hair. Sometimes you see a green, r ed and yellow colored hat over a Rastaââ¬â¢s hair. These are the colors of the flag of Ethiopia. Rastas also wear a turban, which is a headband based on cloth winding, over their head to protect and keep their dreadlocks clean. According to www. iconn. org, the holy herb, or known to most as marijuana or ganja, is used in all major Rastafarian celebrations to enhance feelings of peace and community, aid meditation and inspire religious visions. There has often been controversy concerning the legalization of marijuana. Rastafarians are perhaps best known for their religious use of marijuana, which grows plentifully in Jamaica. In addition to ritual use, Rastas also use marijuana for medicinal purposes, applying it o a variety of ailments including colds. Many followers also believe that marijuana aids in the worship of God, Bible study, and meditation. Although not all Rastafarians use marijuana, most believe it will bring a person closer to God. Reggae music originated as an important part of Rastafarian celebrations ââ¬â asserting the pride and dignity of black people, reje ction of white oppression, the beauty of Africa and visions of a peaceful future. Reggae music is intimately connected to Rastafari and its lyrics often speak of oppression, poverty, slavery, apartheid and human rights. One of the most important figures in trying to spread reggae music was Bob Marley. Born Nesta Robert Marley (1974ââ¬â1981), he remains the most widely known and the best-selling performer of reggae music, and is credited with helping spread both Jamaican music and the Rastafari movement to a worldwide audience. A Nyabingi ceremony brings together believers from a wider area, and often last from several days. At these ceremonies, there are chanting, drumming, singing, praying, and dancing as well as shaving of vegetarian food and smoking of marijuana. Some occasions for a Nyabingi are based on the Julian calendar used by the Ethiopian Orthodox Church; with the Rastafarian faith has strong links. Holy days and holidays are periods of solemn times for the Rastafarian community worldwide. The Holy days are to pray and ask for penance, fulfilling 2 Chronicles 7v14, ââ¬Å"If my people who are called by my name, will humble themselves and pray, search for me and repent of their evil ways, then I will hear from heaven and forgive their sins and heal their land. â⬠(Himchurch. org). Some Rastafarian celebrations includes: Ethiopian New Year ââ¬â Sept 11th (represents a holiday, which is, observed with a short Prayer Service from 10am-11am), Christmas Day ââ¬â Jan. 7th (Rastafarians observed this as a holiday), Haile Selassieââ¬â¢s Birthday ââ¬â July 23rd, and the Anniversary of his coronation ââ¬â Nov. 2nd, (Breuilly, Oââ¬â¢Brien, Palmer, 153). Influential prophets and teachers may also be commemorated, but there is no official festival calendar. Rastafarians do not have a specific religious building that is set aside for worshipping. They usually meet weekly, either in a believersââ¬â¢ home or in a community center. The meetings are referred to as Reasoning Sessions. They provide a time for chants, prayers and singing, and for communal issues to be discussed. Marijuana may be smoked to produce heightened spiritual states. The music used at these meetings is known as Nyabingi, and so when meetings are mostly musical they are often referred to as Nyabingi meetings. Meetings may also include large feasts. Rastafarians lay great stress on individual bible study and interpretation. How to cite Rasta, Papers Rasta Free Essays Shaquille T. Sailsman Literature and Composition March 26,2013 Rastafarianism The Rastafarian religion has many different elements. These elements include: history, beliefs, customs/culture, celebrations, and worshipping. We will write a custom essay sample on Rasta or any similar topic only for you Order Now Rastafarians believe in the divine nature of Emperor Haile Selassie I of Ethiopia, whose title before his coronation of 1930 who Ras Tafari (Prince of the House of Tafari). The name Haile Selassie means ââ¬Å"Power of Trinity. â⬠He was the Emperor of Ethiopia from 1930-1974. Haile Selassie never regarded himself as God, nor did he adhere to Rastafari. According to iconn. org, Rastafarians regard Haile Selassie I as God because Marcus Garveyââ¬â¢s prophecy ââ¬â ââ¬Å"Look to Africa where a black king shall be crowned, he shall be the Redeemerâ⬠ââ¬â was swiftly followed by the ascension of Haile Selassie as Emperor of Ethiopia. Haile Selassie I is regarded by Rastafarians as the God of the black race. The Rastafarian religion began in Jamaica in the 1930s. The religion was formed after periods of slavery. Rastafarians regarded Jamaica as hell and Ethiopia as heaven. Rastafarians called Jamaica hell because Africans were divided up and sent to destinations throughout the world, in most cases as slaves to whites. This is why many Africans found themselves in Jamaica. Ethiopia, the homeland, was seen as a place of fond memories of freedom and life prior to oppression. This meant it eventually became regarded as heaven. ââ¬Å"Rastafarians believes Jah (God) lives on in some form, and believes that one day he will bring about the return of all black people to their ancestral home in Africa,â⬠(Breuilly, Oââ¬â¢Brien, Palmer, 152). When Rastafarians have kids, they raise their kids to believe in Jah and after a certain age they should be able to identify who he is. They are also raised to believe that one day he will be raised from the dead and bring them back to Africa, their supposed homeland. Rastafarians dedicate themselves to preparing for this homecoming, growing closer to Jah, (Breuilly, Oââ¬â¢Brien, Palmer). They do this by cultivating peace and harmony with all and by living in a way that is close to nature, mimicking Jah. Another way Rastas try to mimic Jah is by rejecting practices introduced from white culture, which is symbolically called ââ¬Å"Babylon. â⬠The culture of Rastafarian is to condemn the eating of meat. They are all vegetarians. In order to spiritually grow as a person, meat has to be gradually eliminated from the diet. According to www. iconn. org, ââ¬Å"the main reason Rastafarians donââ¬â¢t eat meat is because animals try so hard to get away. The fear of the animals can be seen in their eyes. It is evident that they are begging for mercy. Rastafarians will have to show mercy. Within the book of genesis, the LORD gave man dominion over animals. It was not to eat them but to care for them. â⬠An efficient healthy body is very basic. The Rastafarianââ¬â¢s diet is designed to meet their personal needs. The Rastafarianââ¬â¢s food is normally referred to as ital food within the Rastafarian culture. The most traditional way to know a Rastafarian is by their dreadlocks. Some people may wear their hair the Rastafarian way ââ¬â dreadlocks ââ¬â without being committed to Rastafarian belief or lifestyle, while many believers feel obligated to abandon the traditional hairstyles for the sake of gaining or remaining in employment,â⬠(Breuilly, Oââ¬â¢Brien, Palmer, 152). Rastas wear dreadlocks because they do not believe in cutting or combing their hair. It is also the way some ancient African priests and Israelites wore their hair. Sometimes you see a green, r ed and yellow colored hat over a Rastaââ¬â¢s hair. These are the colors of the flag of Ethiopia. Rastas also wear a turban, which is a headband based on cloth winding, over their head to protect and keep their dreadlocks clean. According to www. iconn. org, the holy herb, or known to most as marijuana or ganja, is used in all major Rastafarian celebrations to enhance feelings of peace and community, aid meditation and inspire religious visions. There has often been controversy concerning the legalization of marijuana. Rastafarians are perhaps best known for their religious use of marijuana, which grows plentifully in Jamaica. In addition to ritual use, Rastas also use marijuana for medicinal purposes, applying it o a variety of ailments including colds. Many followers also believe that marijuana aids in the worship of God, Bible study, and meditation. Although not all Rastafarians use marijuana, most believe it will bring a person closer to God. Reggae music originated as an important part of Rastafarian celebrations ââ¬â asserting the pride and dignity of black people, reje ction of white oppression, the beauty of Africa and visions of a peaceful future. Reggae music is intimately connected to Rastafari and its lyrics often speak of oppression, poverty, slavery, apartheid and human rights. One of the most important figures in trying to spread reggae music was Bob Marley. Born Nesta Robert Marley (1974ââ¬â1981), he remains the most widely known and the best-selling performer of reggae music, and is credited with helping spread both Jamaican music and the Rastafari movement to a worldwide audience. A Nyabingi ceremony brings together believers from a wider area, and often last from several days. At these ceremonies, there are chanting, drumming, singing, praying, and dancing as well as shaving of vegetarian food and smoking of marijuana. Some occasions for a Nyabingi are based on the Julian calendar used by the Ethiopian Orthodox Church; with the Rastafarian faith has strong links. Holy days and holidays are periods of solemn times for the Rastafarian community worldwide. The Holy days are to pray and ask for penance, fulfilling 2 Chronicles 7v14, ââ¬Å"If my people who are called by my name, will humble themselves and pray, search for me and repent of their evil ways, then I will hear from heaven and forgive their sins and heal their land. â⬠(Himchurch. org). Some Rastafarian celebrations includes: Ethiopian New Year ââ¬â Sept 11th (represents a holiday, which is, observed with a short Prayer Service from 10am-11am), Christmas Day ââ¬â Jan. 7th (Rastafarians observed this as a holiday), Haile Selassieââ¬â¢s Birthday ââ¬â July 23rd, and the Anniversary of his coronation ââ¬â Nov. 2nd, (Breuilly, Oââ¬â¢Brien, Palmer, 153). Influential prophets and teachers may also be commemorated, but there is no official festival calendar. Rastafarians do not have a specific religious building that is set aside for worshipping. They usually meet weekly, either in a believersââ¬â¢ home or in a community center. The meetings are referred to as Reasoning Sessions. They provide a time for chants, prayers and singing, and for communal issues to be discussed. Marijuana may be smoked to produce heightened spiritual states. The music used at these meetings is known as Nyabingi, and so when meetings are mostly musical they are often referred to as Nyabingi meetings. Meetings may also include large feasts. Rastafarians lay great stress on individual bible study and interpretation. How to cite Rasta, Essay examples isabelarnold199http://www.blogger.com/profile/04783316530634911331noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8893832499843735331.post-52480304012845030072019-12-06T13:58:00.001-08:002019-12-06T13:58:03.526-08:00Healthy Eating, Nutrition, and Excerising free essay sample Nutrition and fitness are two important components what when worked on together, provide the body with the nutrients and physical activity necessary to maintain the optimal weight for your body type and just for an overall stronger, healthier body. A realistic nutrition and exercise plan is key to creating healthy habits that you can actually stick with. There are many tips that can be used to develop a nutrition and exercise plan that will help you stick with the plan long term. One tip is to consider your current lifestyle and to try and find a fitness exercise program and diet that will work into your routine. To do this you can map out your daily schedule and look for spots in your schedule that could allow for a regular fitness program. For some, that time could be before or after work. Another tip is to develop healthy goals. Developing those goals will help you to design a nutrition and exercise program that can help you meet those goals more efficiently. We will write a custom essay sample on Healthy Eating, Nutrition, and Excerising or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page For some people, that could be developing a weight loss program that includes a low-calorie diet paired with a fat-burning exercise in order to lose weight. Knowing why you want or need to develop a nutrition and exercise plan will make it easier for you to develop a customized plan that will help you reach your goals. You can also plan your meals ahead of time so that you are not having to go to the store or a fast food restaurant at the last minute. You can choose several different healthy recipes that you and your family enjoy and rotate those meals throughout the week. Around ten recipes should be good to keep the variety. You should also vary your workouts and nutrition plan in order to prevent boredom. Creating more than one workout program will allow for variety in your routine which will help to keep your interest in the program. This can be done by switching between anaerobic and aerobic exercises. This variety will also provide for a more thorough overall workout. The final tip is to keep your changes small. If you work in more healthy nutrition and fitness habits gradually, the changes in your routine will not overwhelm you. This can be done by implementing a fitness exercise program that is only 20 minutes long and then gradually increasing that time each week as the daily exercise becomes a habit. You can also make nutritional changes by switching one unhealthy food with a re nutritious one. This can be done until you have replaced most of your food choices with healthy options. Another important tip to remember is to speak with your doctor before making any changes to your nutrition or exercise program, you want to make sure that any plan you establish is going to meet your specific needs and is going to be safe for you. In comparing my results on the three day analysis from the Super Tracker on week one to week nine, my nutritional habits have not changed much. I exercise on a regular basis and I try to watch the foods I eat. One only key changes I have made to meet the recommendations from the tracker is to take vitamin supplements. I have started doing this to make sure that my body is receiving all of the vitamins it needs on a daily basis. Even though I already have a pretty good nutrition and exercise plan, there are a few goals I have to assist me in optimizing my good health. One nutritional goal is to increase my water intake. I typically drink water while at work but I often drink soda while at home. In order to reach this goal I will have to stop purchasing soda at the grocery store and replace it with low calorie, low sugar drinks. By not having soda conveniently in my home, I will be more likely to drink healthier options such as water. My second nutritional goal is to track the foods I eat. Tracking the food I consume will help to make sure that I am getting the proper amount of fruits, vegetables, grains, and dairy. To meet this goal I will begin to write down everything I eat throughout the day. I have some physical exercise goals as well. One physical exercise goal is to become more active on a regular basis. I currently workout three days a week and I would like to increase that to at least five days a week. Another physical exercise goal I have for myself is to increase the intensity of my workouts. I currently only do light to moderate workouts. I think increasing the intensity of my workouts will help burn more calories and be able to maintain a healthier weight. I am sure that in implementing these changes that I will come across some difficulties and setbacks. One setback I anticipate is not remembering to write down what I have eaten. I plan to overcome this by taking pictures of what I eat and by keeping a food journal on my phone. I always have my phone with me and I think it will be easier for me keep track of what I have eaten. Another setback I anticipate is not working out as often as I would like. I work out as often as I do now because it is what my schedule allows. In order for me to increase the number of days I exercise I will have to make sure that I make the time available on a weekly basis. Due to the unpredictable weather where I live, it is best to participate in physical exercise that can be done indoors. If I do not follow through with these plans, I risk developing an illness like diabetes because it is a condition that runs in my family. Diabetes is a condition that affects how your body uses blood glucose. One of the main causes of diabetes is being overweight. The symptoms include extreme hunger, fatigue, frequent urination, and increased thirst. Diabetes does have some complications that are associated with it. Some complications are nerve damage, cardiovascular disease, eye damage, and foot damage. One of the main ways to manage diabetes is to maintain a healthy weight through a healthy diet and exercise plan. If I continue to stick with the exercise and diet plan I have made for myself, I am sure that I will be able to reach my goal weight and maintain it. I will also be able to reduce my risks of developing certain diseases that run in my family such as high blood pressure, diabetes, stroke, high cholesterol, and heart disease. I know that as I get older and other circumstances arise I will have to make modifications to my plan but I do believe that I will be able to stick with these changes for many years to come. isabelarnold199http://www.blogger.com/profile/04783316530634911331noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8893832499843735331.post-13259123444515661952019-11-29T03:39:00.001-08:002019-11-29T03:39:04.689-08:00The Wisdom of Kabbalah Volume 1 in 2 volumes Review Essay ExampleThe Wisdom of Kabbalah: Volume 1 in 2 volumes Review Paper Essay on The Wisdom of Kabbalah: Volume 1 in 2 volumes Something too much attention was paid to the Kabbalah. I give a link to serious researchers. Lev Tikhomirov. Kabbalah. From the book Religious and philosophical foundations of history (str.199-244). Can be found on the site. Give an excerpt from the article The total value of the Kabbalah religious-philosophical work of the Jewish mind has resulted in three great categories of literature, the books of Scripture, Talmud and Kabbalah. Among them: the Talmud was almost exclusively Jewish national importance, Scripture, Christianity entered the base has become a worldwide influence, universal, passing all bounds of a national character, Kabbalah takes on the influence a middle seat. She did not remain closed in an environment exclusively Jewish, although it has not received all of the global influence of the Holy Scriptures latitude. Kabbalistic views acted on the Christian world, no doubt, from the very beginning of its appearance, along with the Gnostic influences. Similarly, they have to work, along with the effects of the Gnostic and novoplatonicheskimi, Mohammedan world. But in ancient times, due to the secrecy surrounding Kabbalah, it is difficult to distinguish its influence among the Gnostic influences. With the same since Kabbalah was discovered, she was a powerful force to influence the minds of the Christian world. The first European Kabbalist has already Pico de Mirapdol (1463-1494), who studied the Kabbalah among Jews and spread knowledge among its peoples of Europe. Since then, a number of luminaries of European science and major public figures is due to the Kabbalah, such as Reuchlin (1455-1522), Paracelsus (1493-1541) and others. Gradually formed the so-called European Kabbalah, which according to various subtleties than Jewish. From the Middle Ages to modern stretches a chain of Kabbalistic thinkers associated with mental and social movement in Europe. These are Cornelius Agrippa, Bed, Robert Fludd, a well-known figure of Franc-Masonry, and many ot her up to date. Only recently died biggest Kabbalist dAlvayrd St. Ives, and still lives Papus (Gerard Enkos). All Oak cultists are more or less the Kabbalists, in the same way as those of the Franc-Masons, who are interested in religious and philosophical side of the teachings of his Order. On the other hand, Kabbalah deeply affected the Jewish world. What is the essence of its influence? It is similar to the effects of the gnostic and mystical nature. Like any pantheism, Kabbalah is able in some cases to move to rationalism (from Korduero, for example), but this is an exception. As such, it holds fast on the basis of the mystical, and after Korduero is amplified mysticism Isaac Loria and Chaim Vitali, Sabbatai Zevi and Hasidim. Kabbalah is an inseparable and with all sorts of magic. But it is the mysticism, which is based on the idea of ââ¬â¹Ã¢â¬â¹the identity of nature, by nature to replace the idea of ââ¬â¹Ã¢â¬â¹God the Creator, God in person, the essence of which is ou tside of nature created them. Therefore kabbalizm undermines the faith of Moses and the Christian. In public relations, and it undermines the system, which rests on the law given by God, for making human independent organizer of their social relations. This aspect of Kabbalah arouse concern in the Jewish community, urging him sometimes rebel against cabbalism. Indeed, in his example, the latest manifestation in Hasidism Kabbalistic idea undermined the authority as rabbis, as well as the society of the Jewish and contrasts them tzaddikim power, which is, so to speak, on their own, due to the alleged mystical connection they with the divine. Jews are therefore in cabbalism affinity with Christianity, which, they believe, Christ himself made by God. Similarly, in the triad of the Sephiroth they saw similarities with the Christian idea of ââ¬â¹Ã¢â¬â¹Trinity consubstantial. But if kabbalizm aroused anxiety of the Jewish world, it is still there with him cope, as the Kabbalists in general, also imbued with Jewish national patriotism, and, in all probability, it was the Kabbalistic influence formed the basis for the peculiar form of Messianism, that does not see much in the Messiah the messenger of God, while the Jewish people and the coming kingdom of the Messiah understands the worldwide kingdom of the people of Israel. On Kabbalah it reflected more destructive as a Christian society. In the Christian world also believed that kabbalizm closer to Christianity than Talmudism so that Kabbalists sometimes patronized even popes. But if there were cases of treatment of Kabbalists in Christianity, it is generally kabbalizm to Christianity the same attitude as Gnosticism, that is, may give rise to a heretical teachings. So he acted in history, entering the Union by force in all directions, undermining the Christian concept of God, of Christ, of the Church, and finally, about the whole structure of Christian society. Remnants of Gnosticism and heresies went hand in hand with cabbalism with most of the Middle Ages. It undermines the same as they are, and, above all, the Church, he gave rise to obeschstve the same ideals. This does not mean that kabbalizm ever been put forward any political or social program. Nothing of the sort he had, as there was in the occult. Like occultism, the Kabbalah has always been the only known religious and philosophical worldview. If it was reflected in the political-social, it is only the fact that it undermined the Christian view of the world view of the world church, and therefore the system, based on it, and the forms of discipline on which it rested. The mental and social movement, part of which in the religious and philosophical aspect was Kabbalah, undermining with the foundations of Christian Gnosticism system, established in the Middle Ages, it was in fact a revolutionary, as contrasted with the social discipline of old Europe democratic idea. The idea of ââ¬â¹Ã¢â¬â¹democracy itself, the internal logi c put forward the idea of ââ¬â¹Ã¢â¬â¹the hierarchy, and the idea of ââ¬â¹Ã¢â¬â¹submission to the will of God was replaced by the idea of ââ¬â¹Ã¢â¬â¹human autonomy. Therefore, a secret society and the direction in which the conception of the world is a place of Kabbalah, with Gnosticism and the occult played the role of the reformist and revolutionary. This was particularly the role of Franc-Masonry. But this should not conclude if the Kabbalistic idea was essentially a liberation, democratically. Quite the contrary. If kabbalizm as occultism, ever begin to make public in the dispensation of their own ideas, they will spill over to society peculiar aristocratic and very oppressive way of life. We see this kind of social order in Kabbalistic Hasidism, which are peremptory tsadiks lords who unquestioningly obey their whole community. And this is understandable. The idea of ââ¬â¹Ã¢â¬â¹the Kabbalah, people are not equal, not equal. Over mankind in general there is no power above the human, and the human power goes back even to the heavens. But not all people are equal, not all hold power, because they are not equally strong. Some people are rich in occult powers, the power of which can be developed to exercise infinity. Other people in this regard are weak or even negligible. And these poor people, of course, should be in the hands of the strong, to receive from them the leadership, to be under their control. This mystical power of the aristocracy is incomparably stronger than the power of the aristocracy, because the latter is not connected to the great personal strength, while the aristocracy has mystical irresistible personal power. She has the ability to rule over all of nature, over the forces of angels over the souls of men, not because such dominion was given to her by any human law, the constitution, but because these higher men, without comparison, the stronger the other, and the weak can not resist them. Yes, and there is no need to op pose, because the higher nature will be able to make a living weaker much better than they are. On this basis, may appear and heredity. In the Hasidic tzaddikim very soon Dynasty, in which power is inherited. So, in itself Kabbalistic idea is not a democracy. As it is well known, and in the Franc-Masonry, with foreign democratic and electoral institutions, in fact, extremely strong power of the secret, the power of higher powers. It is remarkable that man, the highest degree, put on Wednesday lower, does not receive any external authority. He is in the form of all fellow members, but is obliged to guide them to where he indicated above. This he has done by its influence. What kind of impact? In all probability, as they say, it must have the ability and the hypnotist magnetizer. It is believed that, and receive a higher degree of Freemasonry is based on how much a person has discovered and proved the occult power. Relatively cabbalism should also mention the possibility of its nation al role. In Judaism, there has long been a belief that Gods chosen people, Israel is determined by special prophetic ability progeny of Abraham. One can imagine that the special abilities required for the Kabbalist, characterized by the highest degree only to Jews. Under this assumption, it becomes clear why the Jewish Kabbalah stands by European, and if ever it is time to influence the Kabbalists, it would probably coincided with the global influence of the Jews. It is also possible to imagine that this is related to the predominance of Jews in Franc-Masonry top center, which they say the latter researchers. But how about the Kabbalistic organizations and institutions of higher Franc-Masonry is so little known and all the talk about it as unfounded in fact, that the hypothesis of this kind should not be given any serious significance. isabelarnold199http://www.blogger.com/profile/04783316530634911331noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8893832499843735331.post-3200224113184070462019-11-25T11:13:00.001-08:002019-11-25T11:13:05.239-08:00Compare and contrast Christina Rossetti Remember and William Shakespeares sonnet 71 EssaysCompare and contrast Christina Rossetti Remember and William Shakespeares sonnet 71 Essays Compare and contrast Christina Rossetti Remember and William Shakespeares sonnet 71 Paper Compare and contrast Christina Rossetti Remember and William Shakespeares sonnet 71 Paper Essay Topic: Literature Shakespeare (15 64 1616) has made a large and varied use of the sonnet form. In many ways he has conformed to the traditional Pentrachian form and in other ways he has rewritten that tradition. In doing so he has formed the Shakespearean sonnet form that has become a tradition in its own right. Christina Rossetti (1830 1894) has used the Shakespearean sonnet and rewritten it to form a style that both conforms to that tradition and drastically differs form it. This essay will consider the ways in which Shakespeares sonnet 71 and Rossettis sonnet Remember are examples of the traditional convention and rewriting of the sonnet form and style. The main theme of sonnet 71 (1609) is the death of the speaker. It has not happened yet, this we can tell the use of future tense visible in the first line, when I am dead (l. 1). He is telling his lover that when he dies they should morn for him much longer after he is buried. This use of theme for poetry makes me question whether the speaker means he thinks he will die in the near future, or whether this is just a melancholic thought into the unavoidable? Is it Shakespeares thoughts that are being conveyed in this poem or is this just a fictional piece for general enjoyment? Wordsworth (1827) said in sonnets such as this one Shakespeare unlocked his heart however, in the Elizabethan times sonnets were a type of popular culture thus this idea is unclear. This sonnet was published in a series of 154, in1609. The themes of the immediately surrounding sonnets, for example 68, 69, and 70 are based around beauty and youth. 71 is a complete contrast to these and starts a train of thought that does not change until sonnet 75. The fact that death is put so suddenly next to beauty and youth suggests that the next series of sonnets are a vain thought on the natural course of life. The speaker in the sonnets and Shakespeare are not necessarily the same person. The speaker in this sonnet gives the impression of themselves as a poet by the way they refer to themselves in the sonnet. They speak of the hand that writ it (l. 6) and ask the addressed to look upon this verse (l. 9). The fact that we are made aware of the speaker as a poet and we are made to read this line (l. 5) gives the sonnet a paradoxical feel. This is because the message we are being told in the first line is No longer mourn me when I am dead (l. 1), which when put in sequence with phrases such as the hand that writ it (l. 6) makes us conscious of it being written by the same person who is going to be dying. This makes me think that while giving the message of selflessness for his lovers emotions the speaker and poet is using this language to make us think about him in a subtly manipulative way. When Shakespeares sonnets were published in 1609 there was great unease and almost shock about there contents. It is ambiguous who the person being addressed in the first half of the sonnet sequence is, rather what sex they are. Many including Oscar Wilde suggests this person is male, and Benjamin Jowett says there is a sort of sympathy with Hellenism. However Steven Booth says that the sonnets provide no evidence on the matter.1 The imagery used in this sonnet manipulates my emotions to feel sympathy and melancholic. Alliteration used like surly, sullen bell (l. 2) gives a depressed morbid mood which is carried on in other such images like vile world (l. 4) and vilest worms (l. 4) gives the vivid scenes of buried corpses. Onomatopoeic images like compounded with clay (l. 10) I think gives an almost claustrophobic feeling of decomposing. He reinforces this rotting theme by the line love even with my love decay (l. 12). This gives love a biodegradable slant, like the body that will decompose in the ground. In that case this seems to suggest this love be no more than lust that will also fade with time. The fact that the speaker tells his lover not to mourn him longer than you shall hear the surly sullen bell (l. 2) also seems to be pointing at the type of love in question. The sonnet form used in the series and 71 is the English or Shakespearean sonnet. In this sonnet Shakespeare sticks rigidly to the three quatrains and rhyming couplet structure. This form is an adaptation of the Pentrachan ideas and theme of the poetry and the Sicilian ABAB rhyming scheme. There is also an iambic pentameter being used rigidly until the 13 line in which there are 6 rather that 5 stresses. This change gives change to the flow of the poem, building up for the end line climax.2 This poem gives me mixed feelings. I feel sympathy for the partner who the wise world (l. 13) will mock (l. 14) when the speaker is dead. Yet I feel by the graphic details given in words such as vilest worms (l. 4) a certain amount of repulsion. I also feel with the writers ability to manipulate, a sort of anger that he is giving an explicit message such as No longer mourn for me (l. 1), with implicit meanings by making the reader unconsciously think of the hand that writ it (l. 6). Christina Rossetti in her sonnet Remember (1862) also writes about death. However unlike the idea Shakespeare tries to portray, the speaker wishes her lover to Remember me and asks them tree times before deciding at the turning point (volta) that it would be better by far you should forget and smile (l. 13) thus she is asking the same thing as Shakespeare by the end. We get the sense of the speaker as a lover or a betrothed by the fact she talks of her lover not being able to hold me by the hand (l. 3) and that the person she is addressing has been planning our future (l. 6). This sense of the other party being dominant suggests that the addressed is male. The fact that the speaker is a woman is one of the ways Rossetti has rewritten the traditional idea of the sonnet. The fact that she is not talking about beauty and youth and putting her lover in a divine context is an other way she has gone against the tradition of giving her lover divine and godly features. However as we have seen she is she is in a way conforming to Shakespeares ideology by showing her lover as someone who is not unattainable. She is not lamenting on any unrequited love factor, she has held her lover by the hand (l. 3) and has a future planned with them. Shakespeare also is speaking of someone he loves. However in both of them, the factor of death is going to make the speaker in each sonnet the unattainable people, thus I think this theme is a refracted angle on the tradition which is different but also is linked with it. Unlike the Shakespeare sonnet I get the idea of Rossettis belief in the afterlife when she talks of the silent land (l. 2). It could be read as the ground which would be silent as earth is not a good conductor of sound, however Rossetti was an almost obsessedly religious Anglican so it would not make sense if she talked of death without some reference to life after death. This sense of the spiritual is emphasized by the contrasting physical imagery of hand holding in the second line. Like Shakespeare Rossetti uses dark and negative words like darkness and corruption (l. 11) that I think give graphic ideas of bodily decomposing. The sonnet form used in this poem is a interesting and unique one. The beginning octave reflects the traditional Pentrachan form however the sestet seems to be loosely based more on the French rhyming scheme CCDEDE. The rhyming scheme that Rossetti has created; CDDECE manipulates the flow of the sonnet as to make the first line in the sestet the volta. She also uses Shakespeares traditional Iambic pentameter and also gives the thirteenth line six stresses.3 This poem makes me feel sympathetic towards the speaker and her partner. This is because the general ideas of holding hands and talking about the future can be applied to anyone. This means it is very easy to identify with the problem of this couple. These two sonnets are very good examples of a genre of poetry that has been actively modified since its invention and in doing so created new traditional styles. Rossetti and Shakespeare are two of the many who have taken the traditional and adapted it, as well as at the same time conforming and following the existing forms showing that the sonnet like all literary traditions is a fluid form to be manipulated and reworked as writers wish to express them. isabelarnold199http://www.blogger.com/profile/04783316530634911331noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8893832499843735331.post-47258268164194474542019-11-21T18:37:00.001-08:002019-11-21T18:37:03.428-08:00Bilingual Education Should not Be Offered in Public Schools Research PaperBilingual Education Should not Be Offered in Public Schools - Research Paper Example Students in public schools are at an age in which most of them hardly find any interest in studies. Instead, they are more inclined towards hanging out with friends or remain busy in other outdoor and indoor activities for most of their out-of-school time. In such circumstances, it is indeed, challenging for them to develop an interest in studies offered in their own language, what to talk of subjects taught in a language that is not their mother tongue. When intricate concepts of physics and chemistry are delivered in a second language, students are indirectly made to exert much more than what would have been required of them, had the lectures been in the first language. ââ¬Å"Immigrant pupils can become more self-reliant if courses in arts, history or music are taught in Spanish and/or deal with their cultural heritageâ⬠(Teipelke 5). Not just this, in bilingual education, it becomes even more cumbersome for the students when they have to produce all that they learned formerl y in their exams. This way, bilingual education also invalidates the conventional testing system that is thought of as a means to judge the true capabilities of students. It is so because, we can not say a student did not work hard, only because he was not able to interpret his knowledge into words in the second language. Also, speakers of the language chosen as a standard for the exam tend to perform better than non-speakers because they do not have to cross linguistic barriers in order to make their point. The potential disadvantages of bilingual education can be assessed from its impact on the US educational system as a case study. Bilingual education was introduced in the US educational system fundamentally to provide the children from immigrated communities with an opportunity to speak, read and write the language of the locals.à à isabelarnold199http://www.blogger.com/profile/04783316530634911331noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8893832499843735331.post-45170997822636552152019-11-20T16:21:00.001-08:002019-11-20T16:21:03.553-08:00Property Law Master Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 wordsProperty Law Master - Essay Example 1 2) A tangible thing (things' in possession) i.e. books, chairs etc. It also means an intangible thing (things in action). They have no physical existence i.e. patents, debts, copyrights, trademarks, shares. A very crucial information missing is on the type of "property" that Madam Eve Wong was to sell to Mr. Adam Lee. It is very important to make such as distinction because it has an impact on the remedies available in case of default. The English Law divides property into real and personal property. Although some other legal systems had divided property into movable and immovable. The distinction between real and personal property is of historical origin and is based on the different kinds of remedies available to a dispossessed person and the court action necessary to enforce it. Mr. Adam Lee should know what legal action he may have in case Madam Eve Wong dispossessed him of the property. If dispossessed of his land, Mr. Adam will have the right to get back the very thing he had i.e. land. He would have a right in Rem (a right in the thing). It is only the thing dispossessed that would compensate him. Therefore it would not be enough that Madam Eve Wong compensates him only with damages. This right in Rem grew out of a relationship between a person and a thing. The court action is called a real action. He is granted specific performance. If dispossessed of anything else (including... The legal relationship, cannot be defined unless other person is ascertained i.e. owing a car, a chair, watch is related to a seller. The person dispossessed could only obtain monetary compensation from the person who dispossessed him i.e. damages. The court action is called personal action and the property recovered, personal property or personality. 2 Because of the distinction in the available remedies, it has to be established of which class of property that Madam Eve Wong has sold to Mr. Adam Lee belongs. Real Property Real property consists of land, including buildings on land and trees and crops that grow on it and the rights over land. It also includes water on land. There is a rule that: - "cujus - est solum, ejus est usque and coclum et ad internos". It means "whose is the soil; his is also that which is up to the sky and down to the depths of the earth". This maxim states that: - Land ownership refers to the soil, what is above and what is below. The question of whether the fountain was included in the contract of sale of the property can be well answered using this maxim. The fountain is not somewhere else in separate land. It is on the land that is being sold. 3 The agreement fails short of explaining the specific property that the seller intended to pass to the buyer. The term "property" here is ambiguous since it is not descriptive but general. The use that Mr. Adam intends to put the property would also be of essence in determining whether the agreement included the fountain. From the case, it has been stated that the fountain was freely standing in the garden. The information missing here is the height at which the fountain is standing. It is important because the buyer of land has a isabelarnold199http://www.blogger.com/profile/04783316530634911331noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8893832499843735331.post-30650975239463536292019-11-18T15:02:00.001-08:002019-11-18T15:02:02.480-08:00Research Methods in Health Science Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 wordsResearch Methods in Health Science - Essay Example Ethical principles used in the scientific researches, different approaches to the issues of reality, truth and knowledge and many other aspects of researches would be easily interpreted from the perspective of philosophical considerations (Patterson, 2000; Scanlan, 1986). The main challenge in discussion about research methods applied in health science researches is differentiation between quantitative and qualitative research methodologies (Grinnell & Unrau, 2005). It is a wrong claim that quantitative researches are based on empirical data collection and qualitative researches are based on subjective approach implementation. Nevertheless, this supposition is wrong, because empirical data collection is relevant to both quantitative and qualitative researchers. The main distinction between these two methodologies lies in the following terms: quantitative research methodologies imply inductive inference and qualitative researches are focused more on a research question. ... The main goal of the authors was to consider ââ¬Å"a correlation between clinical features and MRI findings in lumbar disc prolapse in order to define the significance of further treatment developmentâ⬠(Janardhana, Rao & Kamath, 2010). The main clinical features studied among patients were the following: pain distribution, neurological signs, and symptoms in lumbar disc prolapse (Janardhana, Rao & Kamath, 2010). Therefore, the authors were focused on patientsââ¬â¢ clinical features, such as lower limb radiculopathy and the outpatient department of orthopedics were included in the study. The authors chose quantitative approach to the current health study. This fact can be proven by the fact that a focus group consisted of 119 patients, 59 males and 64 females. The mean age (44.83 years) of patients and a range of female/male age groups indicated in the results section of the study refers to the main features of quantitative research (Moore, 2008). Moreover, in the section of ââ¬Å"Materials and Methodsâ⬠it was noted that Kappa coefficient was implemented for assessment of intra- and interobserver variations. Furthermore, implementation of statistical tests (Kappa and Logistic regression analysis) confirms the nature of quantitative research. A correlation between research question and a chosen approach It is relevant to notice that in previous studies in this field, MRI findings were rarely correlated with clinical level and MRI level. A high percentage of cases when the L4-5 disc prolapse was not only responsible for L5 radiculopathy in 67 (94.36%) cases imply that there is a ââ¬Å"good correlation between the clinical level and MRI levelâ⬠(Janardhana, Rao & Kamath, 2010). Moreover, a isabelarnold199http://www.blogger.com/profile/04783316530634911331noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8893832499843735331.post-54015652220287761152019-11-16T03:34:00.001-08:002019-11-16T03:34:08.488-08:00Concept of Individualised Care: Geriatric Case StudyConcept of Individualised Care: Geriatric Case Study Explain what is meant by the term individualised care. Discuss, using examples from a second practice placement, how one individual patients /clients needs were met using this approach. An essay Introduction The traditional way of trying to assess if a particular treatment or the clinical condition of a patient has changed, is by running blood tests, clinical evaluation, and other laboratory tests. While these measures undeniably give us certain levels of information about a patient, they tell us virtually nothing about the disease process from a personal and social context. (Higginson et al 2001). No illness exists in a vacuum. This essay is a discussion of the concept of individualised care with particular reference to my recent placement on a geriatric ward. I am going to discuss the case of Mrs.J., a 83 yr. old lady. Mrs J has been on the ward for two weeks. She was originally admitted with a chest infection. She was very ill at the time of admission and it was not easy to get a history from her. We could only establish that she lived on her own and had been found by a neighbour who had called her General Practitioner who had then arranged her admission. Her chest infection was treated and she responded reasonably quickly. As she became more lucid, it became obvious that Mrs.J. had had a mild stroke leaving her with an expressive dysphasia. It was not possible to ascertain whether these changes had been present for a long time or had just come on, as she had not seen the General Practitioner for nine months prior to this admission. We also discovered that Mrs.J. had developed a mild form of Type II diabetes mellitus as she was putting out small but constant levels of sugar in her urine and her blood sugar levels were mildly elevated. In brief, her care plan called for her to mobilise with the physiotherapist, to receive speech therapy for her dysphasia, to see the dietician for advice regarding her dietary control of her Type II diabetes mellitus and to see the social work team for assessment for discharge as it was considered unlikely that she would actually be sufficiently self-caring to be able to discharge to her home. The nursing profession, almost by definition, is a very personal and interactive profession. (Yura et al 1998) In order to provide good individualised care there must be a number of interactions in place. The nurse must have a good understanding of the medical elements of the case and also have a good knowledge of the patient both as a person and of all their circumstances. (Meleis 1991) This helps to allow the formulation of good individualised care without making any inappropriate decisions that may be based on an incomplete understanding of the situation.(Holzemer et al. 1994) The case of Mrs.J. is complicated because of her expressive dysphasia. In a nursing context the ââ¬Å"interpersonal processesâ⬠that are necessary to establish rapport and empathy were made very much more difficult. (Platt et al 1999). The verbal and motor cues that are a vital part of this essential process were not there by virtue of her cerebro-vascular accident, and it made proper and meaningful conversation very much more difficult. (Carpenito 1997). It was not helped by the fact that she did not appear to have any close relative that we could use to get information. It was not simply a matter therefore of deciding what was medically the best for her, but in order to try to engage with her on the level of empowerment and education, we had to try very hard to understand her feelings and situation in order to provide individualised care. (Woolhead et al 2004) If we try to apply the Roper Logan Tierney model of nursing care (Roper et al 1983) to Mrs.J.ââ¬â¢s situation of needing dietary advice for her newly diagnosed Type II diabetes mellitus, the aim would be to try to provide individualised care and to take into account the degree to which the problems of her inability to communicate actually interferes with the other activities of daily living. (Howe et al. 2003). It is in this respect that the concept of individualised care becomes clearly apparent. For the average patient., it may simply be appropriate to fill out a dietetic referral slip and let the dietetic department do the rest. If we wish to fully implement the concept of individualised care, then we would need to establish that Mrs.J. needed and understood why she needed dietetic advice, that she could adequately understand what was being said, (Kuhse et al. 2001), and also make sure that the dieticians were fully aware of all aspects of the situation when they were able to visit her and give advice. (Newell et al 1992) This approach allows us to make an assessment of both the positive and negative aspects of the decision. We can also make an assessment of whether Mrs.J. would eventually be in a position to take responsibility for her own diabetic (or dietary) care in the long run. (Marks-Moran et al 1996) In individualised care, it is important to be as empathetic as possible to the patients needs. One must appreciate the fact that, in this particular case, the imposition of a diet may be seen by the patient as yet another (iatrogenic) restriction imposed upon an already severely restricted lifestyle. Generally speaking, concordance and explanation are better than dogma and enforced compliance (Marinker 1997). Another important aspect of individualised care, is the process of reflection (Gibbs 1998). It is generally comparatively easy to make clinical decisions, but the key to ensuring that they are actually the correct decisions for that individual patient, is to reflect upon them and consider all of the aspects of that particular patientââ¬â¢s case, which may not have actually been impinging upon the original decision making process. (Taylor 2000). For example, it is almost certainly the correct decision to invoke the help of the dietician to assist Mrs.J. in managing her Type II diabetes mellitus. It is however, possible that, upon reflection, Mrs.J. might not be able to adequately manage her diet because her motor problems now preclude her from going independently to the shops, and the person who buys her food for her may have absolutely no idea of the basic concepts behind the maintenance of a regular and restricted sugar intake. Conclusions and Discussion Mrs.J. ââ¬Ës case fortunately did have a comparatively happy ending. She accepted the dieticianââ¬â¢s advice and proved to be remarkably adept at both managing and manipulating her dietary needs.(Carr et al 2001). It became apparent that part of her confusional state and her dysphasia, was actually due to her hyperglycaemia. As her hyperglycaemia improved and her blood sugar levels returned to more normal levels she rapidly became more communicative. The interpersonal interactions that we referred to earlier, then became both easier and certainly more meaningful. (Stowers et al. 1999). Mrs.J. improved to the point where she was well enough to allow discharge to warden assisted accommodation. Her warden came onto the ward to learn how to help manage the dietary considerations and was able to speak at length to the dietitian. I would like to think that the warden left the hospital as empowered and educated as Mrs.J. was. References Carpenito LJ. 1997 Nursing diagnosis. Application to clinical practice. 7th edition. Philadelphia: Lippincott Company, 1997. Carr AJ, Higginson IJ. 2001 Are quality of life measures patient centred? BMJ Vol18 Issue 42 2001 Gibbs, G (1988) Learning by doing: A guide to Teaching and Learning methods EMU Oxford Brookes University, Oxford. 1988 Higginson and Carr 2001 Measuring quality of life: Using quality of life measures in the clinical setting BMJ, May 2001; 322: 1297 1300. Holzemer W, Tallberg M, et al, editors. 1994 Informatics: the infrastructure for quality assessment improvement in nursing. Proceedings of the 5th international nursing informatics symposium post-conference; 1994 June 24ââ¬â25; Austin, Texas. San Francisco: UC Nursing Press, 1994. Howe and Anderson 2003 Involving patients in medical education BMJ, Aug 2003; 327: 326 328. Kuhse Singer 2001 A companion to bioethics ISBN: 063123019X Pub Date 05 July 2001 Marinker M.1997 From compliance to concordance: achieving shared goals in medicine taking. BMJ 1997;314:747ââ¬â8. Marks-Moran Rose 1996 Reconstructing Nursing: Beyond Art and Science London: Balliere Tindall October, 1996 Meleis A. 1991 Theoretical thinking: development and progress. 2nd edition. Philadelphia: Lippincott Company, 1991. Newell and Simon. 1992 Human Problem Solving. Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs: 1992. Platt, FW Gordon GH 1999 Field Guide to the Difficult Patient Interview 1999 Lippincott Williams and Wilkins, pp 250 ISBN 0 7817 2044 3 London: Macmillian Press 1999 Roper Logan Tierney 1983 Using a model for nursing Edinburgh: Churchill Livingstone Stowers K, Hughes RA, Carr AJ.1999 Information exchange between patients and health professionals: consultation styles of rheumatologists and nurse practitioners. Arthritis Rheum 1999; 42(suppl): 388S. Taylor. B. J (2000) Reflective Practice: A Guide for Nurses and Midwives. Buckingham: Open University Press. Buckingham 2000 Woolhead G, Calnan M, Dieppe P, et al. 2004 Dignity in older age: what do older people in the United Kingdom think? Age Ageing 2004;33:165ââ¬â70. Yura H, Walsh M. 1998 The nursing process. Assessing, planning, implementing, evaluating. 5th edition. Norwalk, CT: Appleton Lange, 1998. PDG Word count 1,562 Muhammad Rafiq Azam Architect: Case Study Muhammad Rafiq Azam Architect: Case Study Table of Contents (Jump to) Introduction Analysis Climatic condition Architectural theory Clients Culture Materials Discussion Conclusion References Book resources Internet resources Introduction: The purpose of indicting this particular essay is to understand architecture via language especially in term of vocabulary, grammatical structure; both physical and intellectual. Through certain arrangement, it carries message and communicates meanings. Rafiq Azam had been chosen as the target of analysis of self and architecture. Muhammad Rafiq Azam is an award-winning architect. He is also a globally acclaimed architect of vernacular architecture from Bangladesh. Shatotto is an architectural studio led by Rafiq Azam, which specialized in architectural aesthetics inspired by lush, riverine landscape of Bengal delta, and ancient architecture heritage of particular region. South Water Garden is a project by Shatotto which was being executed by Shatotto under the lead of Rafiq Azam. It was an apartment building project which located at United Nations Road, Baridhara diplomatic zone, Dhaka, Bangladesh. It is a region not much an exception in term of green. A lake and a narrow strip of green patch on the west of the plot is a fortune. The built area of particular project is about 33600 square feet and had been cost about 576000 US dollar. The particular project was owned by South Breeze Housing and had been completed in 2007. Analysis: In analyzing and theorizing the south water garden imbued architecture quality in term of climatic condition, architecture theory and factors of client, culture and material as well, the analysis depicted that: In term of climatic condition: Apparently, Dhaka undergoes a drastically scorching climate, which characterized as wet, hot and humid climate as it has been categorized under koppen climate classification. Dhaka has been determined as it possess of tropical savanna climate as well. Furthermore, the particular city also has a distinct monsoonal season. In order to design a responsive building, Rafiq Azam had to take account into Dhakaââ¬â¢s climatic conditions as premise. First and foremost, the orientation of building sun screening faà §ade in response to climatic condition of Dhaka is necessarily required in order to reach the standard thermal comfort level in accord to human comfort. Via the analyzing of South water Garden buildingsââ¬â¢ plan orientation and building configuration as well, it was obviously to identified and figured out that Rafiq Azamââ¬â¢s intention on creating a parallel configuration. Via the particular array and permutations, the parallel respective buildingââ¬â¢s blocks tend to act as protective screen in against to direct exposure to summer solstice and winter solstice during the noon. Conclusively, the southern block aids to shade the northern block during the winter solstice, in contrary, the northern block aids to shelter southern block during summer solstice. The incorporation of two hundred square feet of green patch in front of the building on the east road and utilization of large tree and lake on the west as cooling device for the apartment buildings create a balanced interrelation with building configuration in opposing the unstable climatic conditions of Dhaka. Simple interior is connected to beautiful lake and large trees on the west, enabling the south east summer breeze flowing via the entire house. Apart from that, the intention of respective parallel blocks also enables itself to achieve optimal light density for residentsââ¬â¢ daily activities. Therefore, sun path effects had been considered as primarily factor as it contributed much i nfluences on buildingââ¬â¢s comfortability to live. Tactics of Orifice consideration in response to prevailing wind and summer breeze is also a mean to achieve optimal cross ventilation in order to fulfill the human comfort level. The south east and east prevailing wind flow through the house, simultaneously drifting away the heat that gained inside the apartment aid to create a cozy atmosphere inside the apartment buildings. In term of architectural theory: South Water Garden is designed based on phenomenological architecture. Preliminary, looking deep into Dhaka geographical situation as the land characterized with tropical vegetation and moist soils in the primarily was currently being destructed as these all were replaced by construction of multi-storeys building and other real estate developments. Traffic congestion and industrial waste has drastically resulted the deteriorating of air and water pollution. Hence, the regional biodiversity was being demolished. The opposing current aspect of philosophy create trend of creating green in order to preserving extinction of it stimulates local architects to take step into phenomenological architecture especially Rafiq Azam. In response to the particular environmentââ¬â¢s situation, an intention of retention among the green and originality of Dhakaââ¬â¢s elemental human experiences, natural features were incorporating into the South Water Garden design in order to create a building design which is concretely defined as ââ¬Å"the placeâ⬠Dhaka, as well as the South Water Garden residentsââ¬â¢ experiences among Dhakaââ¬â¢s originality coincidentally take place in the building. In ground floor plan, Rafiq Azam arranged interior spaces in a simple functional way in order to emphasize on the connectivity between building interior and exterior. By achieving this, heââ¬â¢s skillfully utilizing natural elements such as lake and large trees on the west as transition space that gradually emanating to the surrounding. In contrary, this condition facilitated particular permutation and arrangements of design maneuvering away from abstractions of science and its neutral objectivity as well. In the orizing Rafiqââ¬â¢s architecture via analyzing of South Water Garden roof plan, the imbued intention of connectivity between roof and ground is being emphasized through the two roof tops design of South Water Garden. Incorporation of green living at roof tops is to respond natural elements of rear plot. The continuity of roof tops green to west ground natural features enhances the interrelation of both which then established a strong connectivity among them. Apart from that, the both roof tops of the apartment buildings were created in a way that evidently displays the quality of human experiences of green living as the community green of roof tops which encompassing lawns and bushes subtlety embracing the residents into a sense of Mother Nature. A small pavilion was located poetically at the midst of green community which formed a strong desire toward the nature. This scheme then transformed into a subtropical architectural vocabulary which addressing Rafiq Azaââ¬â¢s concern on shortage of green space in Dhaka. In term of clients Rafiq Azam had been assigned to work with an area of seven thousand five hundred square feet plot. This was a project that formed through the deal between landowner and developer. They both agreed to divide the land in an equal two pieces respectively to construct two six storied buildings of two thousand eight hundred square feet floor area each in order to share equally each. In looking deep into this particular condition, Rafiq Azamââ¬â¢s consideration on requirement that insisted by the clients also influenced much of the design. The clients insisted to put the design into a challenge in terms of creating open green space. In respond to clientââ¬â¢s requirement, Rafiq Azam suggested to take forty square feet over seven thousand five hundred square feet from the plot impartially which placing along with eight feet gap of two building respectively, five feet road set back as per rule in order to create a two hundred square feet of green patch in front of the building on the e ast road. This is quite emphasizing of direct residentsââ¬â¢ experience toward the buildings as well as the intimacy of natural elements with the users was being created. In term of culture: The richest heritage is formed in neighboring region and lesser developed civilization, as South Water Garden which is located at United Nations Road, Baridhara diplomatic zone. In response to this condition, the arrangement of South Water Garden with no boundary wall notion delivers a more friendly approach toward the local residents. Little pews are placed which delivered a token of respect for pedestrians and community living around. The creation of small pavilion on the roof tops enables gatherings and roof party to be occurred among the neighborhood, which cordially implement the building language co-relation to achieve a hormonal atmosphere amidst the environment. In term of materials: Major buildings in Dhaka, Bangladesh had used brick and concrete as construction materials as these are the most responsive materials to Dhakaââ¬â¢s subtropical climate. In response to surrounding context, exposed brick and concrete are majorly being utilized as construction materials in South Water Garden Apartment. Moreover, the utilization of exposed as cast structural beam and column exterior with terracotta brick in fill is also an approach to subtropical climate of Dhaka that being intended by Rafiq Azam. The selection of materials is quite responsive to human comfort level. Discussion: Rafiq Azam architecture is quite based on experience of space and sensory properties of building materials. This might due to his childhood experiences. By acknowledging that most of the architectural production in Dhaka are dominated on quantitative which driven by profitable motives, he realized that most architectââ¬â¢s keen of sensibility towards a social, ecological and conceptual content is minimized. Growing up in a city which is excessively illustrates segregation of individual architecture as a singular building in a schmooze of materials such as glass, metal, and concrete, there are probably no initiative in thinking much, especially ways of creating an urban which ensemble of various kinds of spaces, which from private to communal, and from hard to green conditions. It was no hard to imagine that with all types of buildings and spatial arrangements coming out of a calculus of market dynamics and borrowed style of architecture. This strictly constricted the architects un til only left with the privilege of addressing buildings with windows. Additionally, Bangladesh has a unique relationship with water, and their sensibilities to its bounty and destruction are a tangible part of the national psyche. The Bangla axiom paanir opor naam jion (water is another life) aptly demonstrate this psychological architecture and the determinative influences of the more than fifty trans-boundary rivers between India and Myanmar, with all their hydrological, social, economic, and political ramifications. With Azams strong impression towards all the impact in his childhood, little wonder then that water bodies are a constant architectural features for Rafiq Azam which is giving out the unrestricted and exposure kind of mood towards the whole city. And his desire to revitalize nostalgia is as ubiquitous in his designs as the water itself in Bangladesh. In his architectural theory, his building is not compendious as the locality, in contrary; it ought to be encompassing of local concretely characteristics or atmosphere which being illustrated via the use of material substances, shape, texture, and color. For instances, the use of cast structural beam and column exterior with terracotta brick in fill is simple way of approach toward subtropical climate of Dhaka as well as the materiality of intimate locality experiences. The consideration of human sensory experiences of building materials is obviously demonstrated through the human comfort responsesââ¬â¢ design. In the means of creating spaces, Rafiq Azam allows certain spaces with identical functions to embody a different architectural quality in accord with the local unique characteristics in term of culture and environment conditions. For instances, the local gathering culture was being incorporated into South Water Gardenââ¬â¢s roof tops design as the roof pavilion was being created for roof top party. Rafiq Azam attempts to implement his architecture return to things, somehow maneuvering away from abstractions of science and its neutral objectivity. By achieving this, he tries to make things priory happens to be conveys it unique conversations with its place the relevant topic. His design then becomes settlement of different scales in contrasting with surrounding other components. The paths between these subsequently create the Rafiqââ¬â¢s design become secondary defining characteristics of place. The distinction between these conditions offers him the step toward the phenomenological approach. For instances, the emphasis of connectivity inside and outside by Rafiq has been vividly proved via the South Water Gardenââ¬â¢s design. Both of the roof tops were created as community green which forms a connection between roof and ground. Conclusion References Book resources Rosa M.F., Kazi K.A. Philip Goad. (2013). Rafiq Azam ââ¬â Architecture for Green Living. Italy: Skira editore S.p.A. Internet Resources http://www.architecturenewsplus.com/projects/2218 http://archpresspk.com/new-version/Rafiq-azam-book.html http://www.worldarchitecture.org/main/winners.asp?winarchive=11thcyclecyc=11 http://archpresspk.com/new-version/architect-rafiq-azam-interview.html isabelarnold199http://www.blogger.com/profile/04783316530634911331noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8893832499843735331.post-24595610675167194582019-11-13T16:04:00.001-08:002019-11-13T16:04:04.456-08:00Cheaper by the Dozen :: essays papersCheaper by the Dozen The book Cheaper by the Dozen written by Frank B. Gilbreth, Jr. and Ernestine Gilbreth Carey was the life story of the Gilbreth family before Mr. Gilbreth died. Frank Gilbreth, Jr. and Ernestine Gilbreth were two of the twelve children. Mr. and Mrs. Gilbreth, both industrial engineers, ran a firm, Gilbreth, Inc. which was employed as "efficiency experts" by major industrial plants in the United States, Britain, and Germany. Mr. and Mrs. Gilbreth had twelve children, six girls and six boys. The names of the children are Anne, Ernestine, Frank, Bill, Lillian, Martha, Jack, Jane, Fred, Mart, Bob, and Dan. The older children's job is to take care of the youngest and the mother took care of the intermediate children and babies. Nothing was consider more a sin than wasting time, that is why the father, Frank, times himself trying to go as fast as he can with almost everything. He timed himself buttoning his shirt to see which way is faster, top-bottom or bottom-top. He timed himself shaving to see which way took longer, using two brushes to apply the shaving cream of one. He found that two were faster. Frank, the father also experiment on which ways was faster, using two razors of one. He found that one was faster, because with two he cut himself so many times it took him twice as much time to cover the cuts up. The book talked about how smart Frank, the Father was. He painted mores code on the walls of their summerhouse to teach it to his children. When the children decoded the message written on the wall, it revealed a clue that tells the child who decoded it where a prize was hidden. He painted also all of the planets and stars you can see in the sky on the walls of their summerhouse to teach his kids astrology. A neat power that the father, Frank, had was that as soon as he look at a person he would know their nationality. When ever the family would go somewhere were you would have to pay by the person, such as a toll bridge, Frank, the father, would take one look at the person and know that their nationality was Irish. The father, Frank, would say, "do my Irishmen come cheaper by the dozen?" The owner would probably say, "Irishmen? If you are Irish, you should not pay a toll on my road. Your trip is on the house." At the end of the book the father, Frank is called for work in isabelarnold199http://www.blogger.com/profile/04783316530634911331noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8893832499843735331.post-71245171447301340682019-11-11T04:36:00.001-08:002019-11-11T04:36:04.077-08:00SharpAnna S BA 3103 Critical Analysis Paper Sharp Sharpââ¬â¢s third quarter results showed very disappointing performance. The company reported a ? 249. 1 billion ($3. 12 billion) loss. Moreover, it is forecasting a ? 450 billion, or $5. 6 billion, loss for the fiscal year through 2013. Apparently, the company is burning through more cash than it is generating and having difficulty in securing short-term financing. Also, the company is considering selling some holding in other companies and office building in Tokyo.Furthermore, itââ¬â¢s thinking to sell television assembly plants in Mexico and China, which would reduce its payroll by 3,000 jobs, added to the 5,000 positions assigned for layoff earlier this year. The company has decided to cut the current Sharpââ¬â¢s payroll by 14%. In addition, Sharp's shares are down 75% this year. This paper will conduct a situation analysis of internal and external environment of Sharpââ¬â¢s weak performance. It will also summarize the prim ary causes of companyââ¬â¢s weak performance. Internal Analysis Financial ProblemsCurrently the company faces two problems: it is under pressure to reduce interest-bearing debt, which increased to ? 1. 25 trillion since June 2011 and, also, needs to repay ? 200 billion of convertible bonds that mature in September 2013 (Daisuke Wakabayashi). At the end of June 2012, the companyââ¬â¢s cash, accounts receivable, inventory and other assets couldn't cover its short-term liabilities. The company is struggling to raise cash. Sharp's net loss for the first half included ? 84. 4 billion in restructuring costs, including a ? 30. billion impairment of assets in its solar batteries unit, a ? 53. 4 billion write-down on inventory, and a ? 61. 0 billion write-down on deferred tax assets. Also, at the end of September, the Sharp's shareholder equity ratio fell to below 10 percent, which is half the rate generally considered a healthy minimum. Sharp remains highly dependent on short-term bor rowings. Weak internal cash flow has forced the company to pay off unsecured promissory note mostly with bank borrowings (Reuters). In addition, the company is currently considering alliance with other companies. You can read also Thin Film Solar CellExternal Analysis Product Demand The Sharpââ¬â¢s main products, LCD TV and flat panels, were accounted for 60% of total revenue in 2012, however, the demand substantially weakened, especially in comparison to Korean rivals. For the first time in the company history, shipments of LCD TVs fell year-over-year, declining just over 3% to 43 million units. The decline hadà aà considerableà impact on the market, with total TV shipments falling almost 8% year-over-year in the first quarter of 2012, the drastic decline since the second quarter of 2009.When the market slowed down, Sharp has been left with excess capacity at its domestic plants. Sales of LCD TVs nearly halved in the October-December quarter. The manufacturer of electronics products and their components also reported quarterly sales of solar cells fell by a third from a year ago, slowing demand and increased competition from Chinese makers (James Topham). Global Economy Sharp has st ruggled with a slow economy, losing the power it once got from transition to global digital broadcasting and from subsidies for purchases of energy-efficient goods.Demand for LCD televisions in developed economies has been saturated; however, growth in developing markets is slowing. Also, the strong yen has made Sharpââ¬â¢s products more expensive overseas. Therefore, it is difficult for the company to compete in the global market. Product prices were also affected by Japan's relatively high labor cost, electricity, imported fuels and raw materials. In addition, euro debt crisis became another reason for the slow growth in the world economy (James Topham). Competition Sharp faces increased competition from very large electronic companies such as Apple, Samsung and LG.Samsungà Electronicsà Co. , Ltd and LG Electronics, Inc. have generated better profits and strengthened market positions in the TV and panel businesses during 2012, supported by an improved product mix. Samsungâ â¬â¢s flat panel TV revenue share remains the largest in the industry, almost 26% (Dan Graziano). Samsung is also the top brand in the key segments of LCD TV, 40â⬠+, LED-backlit LCD, and 3D TV. Also, the company benefits from favorable exchange rates and aggressive investments. Samsungââ¬â¢s current capitalization is $163 billion and Appleââ¬â¢s $634 billion.As opposed Sony, Panasonic and Sharp combined are nowà worth only $54 billion at current market valuesà (Michael Fitzpatrick). Summary Based on internal and external analysis of Sharpââ¬â¢s recent activities, the primary causes of companyââ¬â¢s poor performance are: 1) the company is struggling to raise internal cash flow and, therefore, cannot cover its short-term liabilities; 2) the demand for LCD and flat panel TVs has substantially weakened due to global economy slow down; 3) Sharp is facing a fierce competition from Samsung, LG and Apple, which currently holding the largest market shares in electronic manufacturing industry.Bibliography 1) WAKABAYASHI, DAISUKE. Sharp Says Its Future Is at Risk. 1 Nov. 2012. 7 Dec. 2012 ;http://online. wsj. com/article/sb10001424052970204712904578091761289023722. html;. 2) Reuters. TEXT-S;P summary: Sharp Corp.. 30 Nov, 2012. 8 Dec, 2012 ;http://www. reuters. com/article/2012/11/30/iduswlb148420121130;. 3) Topham, James. Sharp Corporation Blames Falling LCD TV Prices, Increase In Yen For Forecast $3. 8 Billion Loss. Feb. 2012. 8 Dec. 2012 ;http://www. huffingtonpost. com/2012/02/01/sharp-corporation-lcd-prices_n_1246028. html;. 4) Graziano, Dan. GLOBAL LCD TV SHIPMENTS FALL FOR THE FIRST TIME EVER. 21 Jan. 2012. 8 Dec. 2012 ;http://bgr. com/2012/06/21/global-tv-sales-lcd-shipments-down/;. 5) Fitzpatrick, Michael. Fear and loathing in Japan. 18 Sep. 2012. 8 Dec. 2012 ;http://tech. fortune. cnn. com/2012/09/18/fear-and-loathing-in-japan/;. isabelarnold199http://www.blogger.com/profile/04783316530634911331noreply@blogger.com0